楚江怀古三首
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唐代]：马戴
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露气寒光集，微阳下楚丘。猿啼洞庭树，人在木兰舟。
广泽生明月，苍山夹乱流。云中君不降，竟夕自悲秋。
惊鸟去无际，寒蛩鸣我傍。芦洲生早雾，兰隰下微霜。
列宿分穷野，空流注大荒。看山候明月，聊自整云装。
野风吹蕙带，骤雨滴兰桡。屈宋魂冥寞，江山思寂寥。
阴霓侵晚景，海树入回潮。欲折寒芳荐，明神讵可招。
楚江怀古三首译文及注释
译文
雾露团团凝聚寒气侵人，夕阳已落下楚地的山丘。
猿在洞庭湖畔树上啼叫，人乘木兰舟在湖中泛游。
明月从广漠的湖上升起，两岸青山夹着滔滔乱流。
云中仙君怎么都不见了？我竟通宵达旦独自悲秋。
注释
微阳：落日的残照。楚丘：泛指湖南的山岭。
木兰舟：船的美称。典出《迷异记》：“木兰洲在浔阳江中，多木兰树，七里洲中有鲁班刻木兰为舟。”
广泽：指青草湖，周长二百六十五里，与洞庭湖相连，是古代云梦泽的遗迹。
云中君：云神。屈原《九歌》有《云中君》篇，此处亦兼指屈原。
竟夕：整个晚上。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（下）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：1420
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：403-404
楚江怀古三首创作背景
大中（唐宣宗年号，847—859）初年，原在山西太原幕府掌书记的马戴，因直言被贬为龙阳（今湖南省常德市）尉，从北方来到江南，徘徊在洞庭湖畔和湘江之滨，触景生情，追慕前贤，感怀身世，写下《楚江怀古三首》。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：403-404
2、李静 等．唐诗宋词鉴赏大全集．北京：华文出版社，2009：202-203
楚江怀古三首鉴赏
三首诗中，其一既抒发了对忠君爱国但报国无门的屈原的爱慕、缅怀之情，又抒发了自己壮志难酬的悲伤忧苦之情
俞陛云在《诗境浅说》中说：“唐人五律，多高华雄厚之作，此诗以清微婉约出之，如仙人乘莲叶轻舟，凌波而下也。”他以“清微婉约”四字标举《楚江怀古三首》第一首诗的艺术风格，确实别具只眼。
秋风遥落的薄暮时分，江上晚雾初生，楚山夕阳西下，露气迷茫，寒意侵人。这种萧瑟清冷的秋暮景象，深曲微婉地透露了诗人悲凉落寞的情怀。斯时斯地，入耳的是洞庭湖边树丛中猿猴的哀啼，照眼的是江上飘流的木兰舟。“袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下”（《楚辞·九歌·湘夫人》），“船容与而不进兮，淹回水而凝滞”（《涉江》），诗人泛游在湘江之上，对景怀人，屈原的歌声仿佛在叩击他的心弦。“猿啼洞庭树，人在木兰舟”，这是晚唐诗中的名句，一句写听觉，一句写视觉；一句写物，一句写己；上句静中有动，下句动中有静。诗人伤秋怀远之情并没有直接说明，只是点染了一张淡彩的画，气象清远，婉而不露，让人思而得之。黄昏已尽，夜幕降临，一轮明月从广阔的洞庭湖上升起，深苍的山峦间夹泻着汩汩而下的乱流。“广泽生明月，苍山夹乱流”二句，描绘的虽是比较广阔的景象，但它的情致与笔墨还是清微婉约的。同是用五律写明月，张九龄的“海上生明月，天涯共此时”（《望月怀远》），李白的“梦绕城边月，心飞故国楼”（《太原早秋》），杜甫的“星垂平野阔，月涌大江流”（《旅夜书怀》），都是所谓“高华雄厚”之作。而马戴此联的风调却有明显的不同，这一联承上发展而来，是山水分设的写景。但“一切景语，皆情语也”（田同之《西圃词说》），“广泽生明月”的阔大和静谧，曲曲反衬出诗人远谪遐方的孤单离索；“苍山夹乱流”的迷茫与纷扰，深深映照出诗人内心深处的撩乱彷徨。夜已深沉，诗人尚未归去，俯仰于天地之间，沉浮于湘波之上，他不禁想起楚地古老的传说和屈原《九歌》中的“云中君”。“屈宋魂冥寞，江山思寂寥”（《楚江怀古三首》之三），云神无由得见，屈子也邈矣难寻，诗人自然更是感慨丛生了。“云中君不见，竟夕自悲秋”，点明题目中的“怀古”，而且以“竟夕”与“悲秋”在时间和节候上呼应开篇，使全诗在变化错综之中呈现出和谐完整之美，让人寻绎不尽。
从这首诗可以看到，清微婉约的风格，在内容上是由感情的细腻低回所决定的，在艺术表现上则是清超而不质实，深微而不粗放，词华淡远而不艳抹浓妆，含蓄蕴藉而不直露奔迸。马戴的这首诗，可说是晚唐诗歌园地里一枝具有独特芬芳和色彩的素馨花。
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刘将孙《
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踏莎行·闲游》
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钱谦益《
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秋水阁记》
马戴简介
唐代·马戴的简介
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马戴（799—869），字虞臣，唐定州曲阳（今江苏省东海县）人。晚唐时期著名诗人。
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唐代：
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谒张曲江祠
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清代：
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朱彝尊
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峻坂盘神树，阴崖凿鬼工。芳尘羽扇冷，春燕玉堂空。
不睹关门险，谁开造化功。经过遗像肃，千载岭云东。