鲁山山行
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宋代]：梅尧臣
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好峰随处改，幽径独行迷。
霜落熊升树，林空鹿饮溪。
人家在何许？云外一声鸡。
鲁山山行译文及注释
译文
清晨，连绵起伏的鲁山，千峰竞秀，忽高忽低，蔚为壮观，正好迎合了我爱好自然景色的情趣。
一路上，奇峰峻岭在眼前不断地变换，沉醉于一人在蜿蜒幽深的小路上游览的野趣，竟忘了走到了什么地方。
太阳高升，霜雪融落，山林显得愈加寂静空荡，笨熊正在缓慢地爬着大树，鹿儿正在悠闲地喝着小溪的潺潺流水。
看不到房舍，也望不见炊烟，我心中不禁疑问，山里是否也有人家居住？就在这时，忽听得远处云雾缭绕的山间传来一声鸡鸣。
注释
⑴鲁山：一名露山，在河南鲁山县东北，接近襄城县境。
⑵适：恰好。野情：喜爱山野之情。惬（qiè）：心满意足。
⑶随处改：（山峰）随观看的角度的变化而变化。
⑷幽径：小路。
⑸熊升树：熊爬上树。一作大熊星座升上树梢。
⑹何许：何处，哪里。
⑺云外：形容遥远。一声鸡：暗示有人家。
参考资料：
1、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：75-76
2、李梦生．宋诗三百首全解：复旦大学出版社，2007：27-28
鲁山山行创作背景
诗作于宋仁宗康定元年(公元1040年)。当时诗人三十九岁，是其前期作品。这首五言律诗写鲁山行的野景、野趣，突出表现山林的幽静和山行者的愉悦心情。
参考资料：
1、张长青．《中国古典诗词名篇文化鉴赏》：北京大学出版社，2014：第617页
鲁山山行鉴赏
这首诗运用丰富的意象，动静结合，描绘了一幅斑斓多姿的山景图：深秋时节，霜降临空，诗人在鲁山中旅行。山路上没有其他人，诗人兴致勃勃，一边赶路一边欣赏着千姿百态的山峰和山间的种种景象。仿佛从云外传来的一声鸡鸣，告诉诗人有人家的地方还很远很远。
山路崎呕，对于贪图安逸，怯于攀登的人来说，“山行”不可能有什么乐趣。山野荒寂，对于酷爱繁华，留恋都市的人来说，“山行”也不会有什么美感和诗意。此诗一开头就将这一类情况一扫而空，兴致勃勃地说：“适与野情惬”——恰恰跟作者爱好山野风光的情趣相合。下句对此作了说明：“千山高复低。”按时间顺序，两句为倒装。一倒装，既突出了爱山的情趣，又显得跌宕有致。“千山高复低”，这当然是“山行”所见。看见了山野非常喜爱，心中很满足，群山连绵起伏的，时高时低，一个“惬”字，足以体会出当时作者心满意足的心情。“适与野情惬”，则是“山行”所感。首联只点“山”而“行”在其中。
颔联进一步写“山行”。“好峰”之“峰”即是“千山高复低”；“好峰”之“好”则包含了诗人的美感，又与“适与野情惬”契合。说“好峰随处改”，见得人在“千山”中继续行走，也继续看山，眼中的“好峰”也自然移步换形，不断变换美好的姿态。第四句才出“行”字，但不单是点题。“径”而曰“幽”，“行”而曰“独”，正合了诗人的“野情”。着一“迷”字，不仅传“幽”、“独”之神，而且以小景见大景，进一步展示了“千山高复低”的境界。山径幽深，容易“迷”；独行无伴，容易“迷”；“千山高复低”，更容易“迷”。著此“迷”字，更见野景之幽与野情之浓。
颈联“霜落熊升树，林空鹿饮溪”，互文见意，写“山行”所见的动景。“霜落”则“林空”，既点时，又写景。霜未落而林未空，林中之“熊”也会“升树”，林中之“鹿”也要“饮溪”；但树叶茂密，遮断视线，“山行”者很难看见“熊升树”与“鹿饮溪”的野景，作者特意写出“霜落”、“林空”与“熊升树”、“鹿饮溪”之间的因果关系，正是为了表现出那是“山行”者眼中的野景。惟其是“山行”者眼中的野景，所以饱含着“山行”者的“野情”。“霜落”而“熊升树”，“林空”而“鹿饮溪”，很是闲适，野趣盎然。
苏轼《高邮陈直躬处士画雁》诗云：“野雁见人时，未起意先改。君从何处看，得此无人态？无乃枯木形，人禽两自在！······”梅尧臣从林外“幽径”看林中，见“熊升树”、“鹿饮溪”，那正是苏轼所说的“无人态”，因而就显得“自在”。熊“自在”，鹿“自在”，看“熊升树”、“鹿饮溪”的人也“自在”。
欧阳修《六一诗话》云：“圣俞尝语余曰：‘诗家虽主意，而造语亦难。若意新语工，得前人所未道者，斯为善也。必能状难状之景如在目前，含不尽之意见于言外，然后为至矣。’”此联就可以说是“状难状之景如在目前”。而且还“含不尽之意见于言外”。“熊升树”、“鹿饮溪”而未受到任何惊扰，见得除“幽径”的“独行”者而外，四野无人，一片幽寂；而“独行”者看了。“熊升树”，又看“鹿饮溪”，其心情之闲静愉悦，也见于言外。从章法上看，这一联不仅紧承上句的“幽”、“独”而来，而且对首句“适与野情惬”作了更充分的表现。
全诗以“人家在何许？云外一声鸡”收尾，余味无穷。杜牧的“白云生处有人家”，是看见了人家。王维的“欲投人处宿，隔水问樵夫”，是看不见人家，才询问樵夫。这里又是另一番情景：望近处，只见“熊升树”、“鹿饮溪”，没有人家；望远方，只见白云浮动，也不见人家；于是自己问自己：“人家在何许”呢？恰在这时，云外传来一声鸡叫，仿佛是有意回答诗人的提问：“这里有人家哩，快来休息吧！”两句诗，写“山行”者望云闻鸡的神态及其喜悦心情，都跃然可见、宛然可想。
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陶渊明《
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归园田居·其三》
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陶渊明《
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归园田居·其三》
梅尧臣简介
唐代·梅尧臣的简介
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梅尧臣（1002～1060）字圣俞，世称宛陵先生，北宋著名现实主义诗人。汉族，宣州宣城（今属安徽）人。宣城古称宛陵，世称宛陵先生。初试不第，以荫补河南主簿。50岁后，于皇祐三年（1051）始得宋仁宗召试，赐同进士出身，为太常博士。以欧阳修荐，为国子监直讲，累迁尚书都官员外郎，故世称“梅直讲”、“梅都官”。曾参与编撰《新唐书》，并为《孙子兵法》作注，所注为孙子十家著（或十一家著）之一。有《宛陵先生集》60卷，有《四部丛刊》影明刊本等。词存二首。
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宋代：
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王十朋
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路入剡山腰，风生玉川腋。孤亭物外高，双溪眼中碧。
山僧作亭知几春，赏音端怕逢诗人。自从妙语发丘壑，遂使绝境多蹄轮。
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夜坐同兄
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明代：
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石宝
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明月出东方，虫声初在户。宿霭倏已收，庭阶出芳杜。
流云翻细波，坐对喜欲舞。秋色何悠扬，龙泉碧花古。
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偕容瞻公同年北上漫兴
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明代：
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陈慧嶪
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雀舫翩翩发大江，江干瑞霭晓行幢。文章似锦裳堪补，意气如虹鼎并扛。
万里浪头鳌驾六，五云天际凤飞双。与君共挟芙蓉锷，一扫群英力尽降。