秋风辞
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两汉]：刘彻
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箫鼓鸣兮发棹歌，欢乐极兮哀情多。
少壮几时兮奈老何！
秋风辞译文及注释
译文
秋风刮起，白云飞。草木枯黄雁南归。
秀美的是兰花呀，芳香的是菊花。思念美人难忘怀。
乘坐着楼船行驶在汾河上，划动船桨扬起白色的波浪。
吹起箫来打起鼓，欢乐过头哀伤多。
年轻的日子早过去，渐渐衰老没奈何。
注释
辞：韵文的一种。
黄落：变黄而枯落。
秀：此草本植物开花叫“秀”。这里比佳人颜色。芳：香气，比佳人香气。兰、菊：这里比拟佳人。“兰有秀”与“菊有芳”，互文见义，意为兰和菊均有秀、有芳。
佳人：这里指想求得的贤才。
泛：浮。楼船：上面建造楼的大船。泛楼船，即“乘楼船”的意思。汾河：起源于山西宁武，西南流至河津西南入黄河。
中流：中央。扬素波：激起白色波浪。
鸣：发声，响。发：引发，即“唱”。棹（zhào）：船桨。这里代指船。棹歌：船工行船时所唱的歌。
极：尽。
奈老阿：对老怎么办呢？
参考资料：
1、任克良编 ．拜城诗词选编 ：中国文化出版社 ，2010 ：14 ．
2、李寅生著 ．中国古典诗文精品读本 上册 ：国家行政学院出版社 ，2013 ：82-83 ．
3、霍松林著 ．霍松林选集 第十卷 历代好诗诠评 ：陕西师范大学出版总社 ，2010 ：3-4 ．
4、姜葆夫选析 ．汉魏六朝诗歌赏析 ：广西教育出版社 ，1991 ：4-6 ．
5、童辉主编 ．一生最爱古诗词 ：外文出版社 ，2012 ：115-116 ．
秋风辞创作背景
据《汉书·武帝纪》，汉武帝刘彻到河东汾阴（今山西省万荣县西南）祭祀后土，共有五次。只有一次在秋天，即元鼎四年（前113）十月。这次出巡，途中传来南征将士的捷报，而将当地改名为闻喜，沿用至今。时值秋风萧飒，汉武帝乘坐楼船泛舟汾河，饮宴中流。宴尽之余，遂作此篇。
参考资料：
1、梁时，周笃文主编；徐晋如注评 ．华夏之歌 中华爱国思乡诗选 ：华艺出版社 ，2001 ：24 ．
2、姜葆夫选析 ．汉魏六朝诗歌赏析 ：广西教育出版社 ，1991 ：4-6 ．
3、黄绍筠著 ．中华古典诗歌吟味 ：西冷印社 ，2001 ：42-43 ．
秋风辞鉴赏
诗开篇写道：“秋风起兮白云飞，草木黄落兮雁南归。”阵阵秋风卸白云而飞，岸边的树木已不复葱郁，然而纷纷飘坠的金色的落叶，为秋日渲染了一副斑斓的背景。大雁苍鸣，缓缓掠过樯桅……短短两句，清远流丽。
胡应麟《诗薮·内编》卷三：“秋风百代情至之宗。”秋日乃惹人思情，虽有幽兰含芳，秋菊斗艳，然凋零的草木，归雁声声，勾起汉武帝对“佳人”不尽的思念之情：“兰有秀兮菊有芳，怀佳人兮不能忘。”此句写的缠绵流丽乃一诗之精华，正如张玉谷《古诗赏析》卷三：“此辞有感秋摇落系念仙意。怀佳人句，一篇之骨……”
“泛楼船兮济汾河，横中流兮扬素波。萧鼓鸣兮发棹歌”三句，竭力描写汉武帝泛舟中流、君臣欢宴景致。当楼船在汾河中流疾驶，潺缓的碧水，顿时扬起一片白色的波浪。在酒酣耳热之际，不禁随着棹橹之声叩舷而歌。
紧接着却出现了“欢乐极兮哀情多”。君临天下，当藐视一世，俯视天地之间，应慨然得意忘形尔。何来如此幽情哀音？王尧衢《古诗合解》卷一一语道破：“乐极悲来，乃人情之常也。愁乐事可复而盛年难在。武帝求长生而慕神仙，正为此一段苦处难谴耳。念及此而歌啸中流，顿觉兴尽，然自是绝妙好辞”原来，即便是君王也免不了生老病死，眼前的尊贵荣华终有尽时，人生老之将至，所有一切也会随着死亡不复存在，所以又怎能不因为“少壮几时兮奈老何”而忧伤呢？
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谭嗣同《
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狱中题壁》
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郑思肖《
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寒菊》
刘彻简介
唐代·刘彻的简介
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汉武帝刘彻（公元前156年－前87年），西汉的第7位皇帝，杰出的政治家、战略家、诗人。刘彻开拓汉朝最大版图，在各个领域均有建树，汉武盛世是中国历史上的三大盛世之一。晚年穷兵黩武，又造成了巫蛊之祸，征和四年刘彻下罪己诏。公元前87年刘彻崩于五柞宫，享年70岁，谥号孝武皇帝，庙号世宗，葬于茂陵。
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次东卿韵挽北村秋官五首 其三
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月似二年前好。人比二年前老。今夕又鲸川，但欠酒杯倾倒。闻道。闻道。三径渐荒秋草。
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赠觉师
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沈辽
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我昔乘兴游荆溪，数访道人溪水西。道人飘然舍我去，有如白云谢污泥。
我来云间亦未久，惠然相顾携枯藜。时人莫将老相识，解空第一须菩提。
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郭谏臣
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不到名园久，春残花事稀。林香还入坐，草色欲沾衣。
乔木干青汉，层台落翠微。平生耽胜赏，日暮竟忘归。