玉楼春·惊沙猎猎风成阵
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金朝]：元好问
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惊沙猎猎风成阵，白雁一声霜有信。琵琶肠断塞门秋，却望紫台知远近。
玉楼春·惊沙猎猎风成阵鉴赏
借咏史以抒怀，本是诗人家数，昭君出塞，又是传统的诗歌体裁。但元好问推陈出新，突破了体裁和题材本身的局限，拓宽和加深了同类作品的内涵。
朔风惊沙，白雁掠霜，词人面对荒凉萧瑟的北地风光，俯仰千古，引入昭君出塞的历史画面。“白雁”在这里，不仅点明了时令，而且渲染了情境。白雁一声，报道了霜天的降临，照君就是在这揪心的悲秋时节出塞的。“琵琶肠断”两句，是悬想昭君出塞的情景。后代传说，昭君戎装骑马，手抱琵琶，一路弹奏着思归的曲调，则更把昭君的形象诗意化了。“紫台”，即紫宫，指长安宫廷。
诗人思想的深刻性，主要表现在下片，过片两句说昭君当初寂寞宫中，无人过问，直到决定嫁给呼韩邪单于。“旧爱”句言昭君一向顾惜自己的美艳容颜。“入宫数岁，不得见御，积悲怨，乃请掖庭令求行”（引自《后汉书·南匈奴列传》）因此而致远嫁匈奴，故翻自恨其有此“玉颜”也。元好问不像前代诗人或后世戏剧家那样。停留在同情和怨愤的情调，而是透过一层，把目光转向那些没有出塞、因而也不被后代诗人注意的千百宫女。言“深宫桃李”，自不只谓昭君一人，不妨理解为：广大闭锁深宫的女子，虽然艳如桃李，却只能空自凋谢。年复一年，花开花落，她们只能伴随着迟迟钟鼓、耿耿星河，终此一生。她们并不比王昭君更幸福，而是同样可悲。结尾两句，词人笔锋又转。从黛青的远山，想到昭君含愁蹙恨的双眉；因为有了前两句的铺垫，昭君就成为当时及后代所有宫女的代表，“万古春山颦不尽”，揭示了昭君悲愤之深，也揭示了这种悲剧的历史延续性。作者所指斥的不是一个汉元帝，他所同情的，也不是一个王昭君，他凭着诗人的直觉意识到，宫女的悲剧乃是封建专制王朝的一种社会病，后人复哀后人，此恨绵绵，有如万古春山。
词作的艺术成就，是得力于作者对历史的宏观把握和深刻透视。从表现来看，作者深广的忧愤和沉重的悲凉，并不靠夸张的叫嚣和慨叹，而是借玉言桃李、青山眉黛这些词的传统意象表现出来的。浏亮宛转的音节，却能造成沉郁顿挫的氛围；绮丽温润的字面，却能传达出震撼人心的力量，可谓寓刚健于婀娜，变温婉成悲凉。
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李商隐《
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岳阳楼》
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杨慎《
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临江仙·滚滚长江东逝水》
元好问简介
唐代·元好问的简介
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元好问，字裕之，号遗山，太原秀容（今山西忻州）人；系出北魏鲜卑族拓跋氏，元好问过继叔父元格；七岁能诗，十四岁从学郝天挺，六载而业成；兴定五年（1221）进士，不就选；正大元年（1224 ），中博学宏词科，授儒林郎，充国史院编修，历镇平、南阳、内乡县令。八年（1231）秋，受诏入都，除尚书省掾、左司都事，转员外郎；金亡不仕，元宪宗七年卒于获鹿寓舍；工诗文，在金元之际颇负重望；诗词风格沉郁，并多伤时感事之作。其《论诗》绝句三十首在中国文学批评史上颇有地位；作有《遗山集》又名《遗山先生文集》，编有《中州集》。
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