蟾宫曲·怀古
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元代]:查德卿
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问从来谁是英雄?一个农夫,一个渔翁。晦迹南阳,栖身东海,一举成功。八阵图名成卧龙,六韬书功在飞熊。霸业成空,遗恨无穷。蜀道寒云,渭水秋风。
蟾宫曲·怀古译文及注释
译文
请问古往今来谁是真正的英雄,一个是三国的农夫诸葛亮,一个是周朝的渔翁姜太公。一个隐居南阳,一个栖身东海海滨,都是一举成功。诸葛亮名成八阵图,姜太公梦兆飞熊并写下《六韬》兵书。但转眼霸业都成空,带来无穷的遗恨。如今只看到蜀道上的寒云,渭水上的秋风。
注释
一位农夫:指诸葛亮。因为他曾经“躬耕南阳”。
一个渔翁:指姜太公,因为他曾经钓于渭水。
晦迹:不让人知道自己的踪迹,即隐居。南阳:今属河南,是诸葛亮隐居的地方。
栖身东海:《史记·齐太公世家》:“吕尚处士,隐海滨。”
八阵图:《三国志·诸葛亮传》说他“推演兵法,作八阵图。”卧龙:指诸葛亮。
六韬书:相传为姜太公所著的一部兵书。分文、武、虎、豹、龙、犬六韬。飞熊:周文王得姜太公的梦兆。
蜀道寒云:极言蜀道之险峻。
渭水秋风:言在羁旅中过生活。贾岛《忆江上吴处士》:“秋风生渭水,落叶满长安。”渭水:姜太公曾垂钓于渭水边。
参考资料:
1、蔡践.《元曲全鉴 典藏版 》:中国纺织出版社, 2015:226页
2、许海山.《中国历代诗词曲赋大观 》 :北京燕山出版社,2007:450页
蟾宫曲·怀古鉴赏
查德卿的这首《蟾宫曲·怀古》抒发的是怀古咏史之意。作者在开篇第一句就写出了自己的疑问,他问道“问从来谁是英雄?”,紧接着他便在曲中写到一个农夫,一个渔翁。”查德卿用自问自答的方式回答了自己的问题,在此处点明了怀古的对象,同时也做出了评价。
“晦迹南阳,栖身东海,一举成功。”南阳,东海是两处地点,分别承接“农夫”与“渔翁”,诸葛亮在未出山之前,曾经在南阳过着隐居的生活,而姜太公也曾经在渭水之滨垂钓,同样过着悠闲恬淡的日子。
“八阵图名成卧龙,《六韬》书功在飞熊。”则是说明诸葛亮和吕尚的丰功伟绩,进一步表现他们两个作为英雄所做出的功绩。
“霸业成空,遗恨无穷。蜀道寒云,渭水秋风。”这句由追寻历史转为了对历史的感慨,说诸葛亮、吕尚所建的“霸业”终究是一场空,随着时间的推移,慢慢消逝了。
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贯云石《
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殿前欢·楚怀王》
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下一首:
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鲍照《
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代白头吟》
查德卿简介
唐代·查德卿的简介
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[元](约公元一三一七年前后在世)名、里、生卒年及生平均不详,约元仁宗延佑中前后在世。工曲,太平乐府中选录甚多。明·朱权《太和正音谱》将其列于“词林英杰”一百五十人之中。明·李开先评元人散曲,首推张可久、乔吉,次则举及查德卿(见《闲居集》卷五《碎乡小稿序》),可见其曲名较高。其散曲作品内容有吊古、抒怀、咏美人伤离情之类,风格典雅。
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