早梅
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唐代]：齐己
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万木冻欲折，孤根暖独回。
明年如应律，先发望春台。
早梅译文及注释
译文
万木禁受不住严寒快要摧折，梅树汲取地下暖气生机独回。
皑皑的白雪笼罩着山村乡野，昨夜一枝梅花欺雪傲霜绽开。
微风吹拂梅香四溢别有情味，素雅芳洁的姿态令禽鸟惊窥。
明年如果梅花还能按时绽放，希望它开在众人爱赏的春台。
注释
孤根：单独的根，指梅树之根。孤：突出其独特个性。
暖独回：指阳气开始萌生。
递：传递。幽香：幽细的香气。窥：偷看。
素艳：洁白妍丽，这里指白梅。
应律：古代律制分十二律，有“六律”、“六吕”，即黄钟、大吕之类。古时人以十二律推测气候，此处应律是按季节的意思。
春台：幽美的游览之地。
参考资料：
1、靖宇主．唐诗多功能多用途词典：辽海出版社，2001.09.：第63页
2、张剑著．唐宋诗词名篇欣赏：中国人民公安大学出版社，2009.02：第121页
早梅创作背景
齐己是乡下贫苦人家的孩子，但学习非常刻苦。后被寺院长老发现，收进寺里作和尚。一年冬天，刚刚下过一场大雪，清晨齐已出去，被眼前的一片雪白吸引住了，突然前方的几只报春的蜡梅花引来了报春鸟围着梅花唱歌，齐己被这景色惊呆了，回寺后，马上写下了《早梅》这首诗。
参考资料：
1、朱鉴珉编著．少年读诗：开明出版社，1994.02.：第224页
早梅鉴赏
这是一首咏物诗。诗人以清丽的语言，含蕴的笔触，刻画了梅花傲寒的品性，素艳的风韵，坚强地盛开，并以此寄托自己的意志。其状物清润素雅，抒情含蓄隽永。
首联即以对比的手法，描写梅花不畏严寒的秉性。“万木冻欲折，孤根暖独回”，是将梅花与“万木”相对照：在严寒的季节里，万木经受不住寒气的侵袭，简直要枝干摧折了，而梅树却像凝地下暖气于根茎，恢复了生机。“冻欲折”说法虽然略带夸张。然而正是万木凋摧之甚，才更有力地反衬出梅花“孤根独暖”的性格，同时又照应了诗题“早梅”。
第二联“前村深雪里，昨夜一枝开”，用字虽然平淡无奇，却很耐咀嚼。诗人以山村野外一片皑皑深雪，作为孤梅独放的背景，描摹出十分奇特的景象。“一枝开”是诗的画龙点睛之笔：梅花开于百花之前，是谓“早”；而这“一枝”又先于众梅，悄然“早”开，更显出此梅不同寻常。据《唐才子传》记载，齐己曾以这首诗求教于郑谷，诗的第二联原为“前村深雪里，昨夜数枝开。”郑谷读后说；“‘数枝’非‘早’也，未若‘一枝’佳。”齐己深为佩服，便将“数枝”改为“一枝”，并称郑谷为“一字师”。这虽属传说，但仍可说明“一枝”两字是极为精彩的一笔。此联象是描绘了一幅十分清丽的雪中梅花图：雪掩孤村，苔枝缀玉，那景象能给人以丰富的美的感受。“昨夜”二字，又透露出诗人因突然发现这奇丽景象而产生的惊喜之情；肯定地说“昨夜”开，明昨日日间犹未见到，又暗点诗人的每日关心，给读者以强烈的感染力。
第三联“风递幽香出，禽窥素艳来”，侧重写梅花的姿色和风韵。此联对仗精致工稳。“递”字，是说梅花内蕴幽香，随风轻轻四溢；而“窥”字，是着眼梅花的素艳外貌，形象地描绘了禽鸟发现素雅芳洁的早梅时那种惊奇的情态。鸟犹如此，早梅给人们带来的诧异和惊喜就益发见于言外。以上三联的描写，由远及近，由虚而实。第一联虚拟，第二联突出“一枝”，第三联对“一枝”进行形象的刻画，写来很有层次。
末联语义双关，感慨深沉：“明年如应律，先发望春台。”此联字面意不难理解。然而咏物诗多有诗人思想感情的寄托。这里“望春台”既指京城，又似有“望春”的含义。齐己早年曾热心于功名仕进，是颇有雄心抱负的。然而科举失利，不为他人所赏识，故时有怀才不遇之慨。“前村深雪里，昨夜一枝开”，正是这种心境的写照。自己处于山村野外，只有“风”、“禽”作伴，但犹自“孤根独暖”，颇有点孤芳自赏的意味。又因其内怀“幽香”、外呈“素艳”，所以，他不甘于前村深雪“寂寞开无主”的境遇，而是满怀希望：明年（他年）应时而发，在望春台上独占鳌头。辞意充满着自信。“先发望春台”实际是诗人渴望到京城施展才华、独占鳌头、实现自己远大抱负的自信宣言。
全诗咏物写景，语言清丽传神，为读者描摹出一幅风韵十足的“寒雪早梅图”，有“状难写之景如在目前”之神；突出了早梅不畏严寒、傲然独立的个性，创造了一种高远的境界。借物喻己，含蕴深藉，诗人怀才不遇、清高孤傲、坚贞不屈、执著自信的节操情怀蕴含景中，又具“含不尽之意见于言外”之妙。神妙毕备，意蕴隽永，堪称诗林“咏物台”上的一枝独秀！
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苏轼《
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定风波·红梅》
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李清照《
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临江仙·梅》
齐己简介
唐代·齐己的简介
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齐己（863年—937年）出家前俗名胡德生，晚年自号衡岳沙门，湖南长沙宁乡县祖塔乡人，唐朝晚期著名诗僧。
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秦人不窥兵。赵胜南诅楚。乃与毛遂行。黄歇北适秦。
太子还入荆。美哉游侠士。何以尚四卿。我则异于是。
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访湛甘泉翁上唐山居 其二
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明代：
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王渐逵
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肩舆遥度越山崔，野色岚光拨不开。古壁重留丞相记，绿阴高护尚书台。
馌耕浓向交畦聚，听讲云从独鸟来。翻忆往年冬至梦，淳醪真饮石翁杯。