宿建德江
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唐代]:孟浩然
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宿建德江译文及注释
译文
把小船停靠在烟雾迷蒙的小洲,日暮时分新愁又涌上客子心头。
旷野无边无际远天比树还低沉,江水清清明月来和人相亲相近。
注释
建德江:指新安江流经建德(今属浙江)西部的一段江水。
移舟:划动小船。泊:停船靠岸。烟渚(zhǔ):指江中雾气笼罩的小沙洲。烟:一作“幽”。渚:水中小块陆地。《尔雅·释水》:“水中可居者曰洲,小洲曰渚。”
客:指作者自己。愁:为思乡而忧思不堪。
野:原野。旷:空阔远大。天低树:天幕低垂,好像和树木相连。
月近人:倒映在水中的月亮好像来靠近人。
参考资料:
1、彭定求 等.全唐诗(上).上海:上海古籍出版社,1986:379
2、邓安生 孙佩君.孟浩然诗选译.成都:巴蜀书社,1990:199-200
宿建德江创作背景
孟浩然于唐玄宗开元十八年(730年)离乡赴洛阳,再漫游吴越,借以排遣仕途失意的悲愤。《宿建德江》当作于作者漫游吴越时,与《问舟子》是同一时期的作品。
参考资料:
1、邓安生 孙佩君.孟浩然诗选译.成都:巴蜀书社,1990:199-200
2、赵其钧 等.唐诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1983:98-99
宿建德江鉴赏
这首诗不以行人出发为背景,也不以船行途中为背景,而是以舟泊暮宿为背景。它虽然露出一个“愁”字,但立即又将笔触转到景物描写上去了。可见它在选材和表现上都是很有特色的。诗的起句“移舟泊烟渚”,“移舟”,就是移舟近岸的意思;“泊”,这里有停船宿夜的含意。行船停靠在江中的一个烟雾朦胧的小洲边,这一面是点题,另一面也就为下文的写景抒情作了准备。
第二句“日暮客愁新”,中的“日暮”显然和上句的“泊”、“烟”有联系,因为日暮,船需要停宿;也因为里的一段:“君子于役,不知其期,曷至哉?鸡栖于埘,日之夕矣,羊牛下来,君子于役,如之何勿思?”(《诗经·王风·君子于役》)这里写一位妇女,每当到夕阳西下、鸡进笼舍、牛羊归栏的时刻,她就更加思念在外服役的丈夫。
远处的天空显得比近处的树木还要低,“低”和“旷”是相互依存、相互映衬的。第四句写夜已降临,高挂在天上的明月,映在澄清的江水中,和舟中的人是那么近,“近”和“清”也是相互依存、相互映衬的。“野旷天低树,江清月近人”。这种极富特色的景物,只有人在舟中才能领略得到的。诗的第二句就点出“客愁新”,这三四句好似诗人怀着愁心,在这广袤而宁静的宇宙之中,经过一番上下求索,终于发现了还有一轮孤月此刻和他是那么亲近。寂寞的愁心似乎寻得了慰藉,诗也就戛然而止了。
然而,言虽止,意未尽。“皇皇三十载,书剑两无成。山水寻吴越,风尘厌洛京”(《自洛之越》)。诗人曾带着多年的准备、多年的希望奔入长安,而今却只能怀着一腔被弃置的忧愤南寻吴越。此刻,他孑然一身,面对着这四野茫茫、江水悠悠、明月孤舟的景色,那羁旅的惆怅,故乡的思念,仕途的失意,理想的幻灭,人生的坎坷……千愁万绪,不禁纷来沓至,涌上心头。“江清月近人”,这画面展示的是清澈平静的江水,以及水中的明月伴着船上的诗人;可那画面背后却是诗人的愁心已经随着江水流入思潮翻腾的海洋。“人禀七情,应物斯感;感物吟志,莫非自然”(刘勰《文心雕龙·明诗》)。孟浩然的这首小诗正是在这种情景相生、思与境谐的“自然流出”之中,显示出一种风韵天成、淡中有味、含而不露的艺术美。
此诗先写羁旅夜泊,再叙日暮添愁;然后写到宇宙广袤宁静,明月伴人更亲。一隐一现,虚实相间,两相映衬,互为补充,构成一个特殊的意境。诗中虽只有一个愁字,却把诗人内心的忧愁写得淋漓尽致,然野旷江清,秋色历历在目。
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杜牧《
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秋夕》
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许浑《
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秋日赴阙题潼关驿楼》
孟浩然简介
唐代·孟浩然的简介
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孟浩然(689-740),男,汉族,唐代诗人。本名不详(一说名浩),字浩然,襄州襄阳(今湖北襄阳)人,世称“孟襄阳”。浩然,少好节义,喜济人患难,工于诗。年四十游京师,唐玄宗诏咏其诗,至“不才明主弃”之语,玄宗谓:“卿自不求仕,朕未尝弃卿,奈何诬我?”因放还未仕,后隐居鹿门山,著诗二百余首。孟浩然与另一位山水田园诗人王维合称为“王孟”。
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宋代:
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