留别王侍御维
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唐代]：孟浩然
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留别王侍御维译文及注释
译文
这样寂寞还等待着什么？天天都是怀着失望而归。
我想寻找幽静山林隐去，又可惜要与老朋友分离。
当权者有谁肯能援引我，知音人在世间实在稀微。
只应该守寂寞了此一生，关闭上柴门与人世隔离。
注释
寂寂：落寞。竟何待：要等什么。
空自：独自。
欲寻芳草去：意思是想归隐。芳草：香草，常用来比喻有美德的人。
违：分离。
当路：当权者。假：提携。
扉：门扇。
留别王侍御维创作背景
此诗是孟浩然游京师，应进士试，失意后所作。据《旧唐书·文苑传》载，孟浩然“年四十，来游京师，应进士不第，还襄阳”。于是孟浩然决定归隐山林，但不忍心与朋友分别，就写下了《留别王维》这首诗。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等 ．唐诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1983年12月版 ：第86-87页 ．
2、邓安生 孙佩君 ．孟浩然诗选译 ．成都 ：巴蜀书社 ，1990年6月版 ：第141-142页 ．
3、蘅塘退士 等 ．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首 ．北 ：华文出版社京 ，2009年11月版 ：第122-123页 ．
留别王侍御维鉴赏
这首诗是孟浩然回襄阳临行前留给王维的。诗人抒发出由于没人引荐，缺少知音而失意的哀怨情怀。这首诗表达直率，语言浅显，怨怼之中，又带有辛酸意味，感情真挚动人，耐人寻味。
第一联写落第后的景象：门前冷落，车马稀疏。“寂寂”两字，既是写实，又是写虚，既表现了门庭的景象，又表现了作者的心情。一个落第士子，没有人来理睬，更没有人来陪伴。只有孤单单地“空自归”了。在这种情形下，长安虽好，也没有什么可留恋的。他考虑到返回故乡了，“竟何待”正是他考试不中必然的想法。
第二联写惜别之情。“芳草”一词，来自《离骚》，王逸认为用以比喻忠贞，而孟浩然则用以代表自己归隐的理想。“欲寻芳草去”，表明他又考虑归隐了。“惜与故人违”，表明了他同王维友情的深厚。一个“欲”字，一个“惜”字，充分地显示出作者思想上的矛盾与斗争，从这个思想活动里，却深刻地反映出作者的惜别之情。
“当路谁相假，知音世所稀”两句，说明归去的原因。语气沉痛，充满了怨怼之情，辛酸之泪。一个“谁”字，反诘得颇为有力，表明他切身体会到世态炎凉、人情如水的滋味。能了解自己心事，赏识自己才能的人，只有王维，这的确是太少了！一个“稀”字，准确地表达出知音难遇的社会现实。这在封建社会里是具有典型意义的。
这一联是全诗的重点，就是由于这两句，使得全诗才具有一种强烈的怨怼、愤懑的气氛。真挚的感情，深刻的体验，是颇能感动读者的，特别是对于那些有类似遭遇的人，更容易引起共鸣。如果再从结构上考虑，这一联正是全诗的枢纽。由落第而思归，由思归而惜别，从而在感情上产生了矛盾，这都是顺理成章的。只是由于体验到“当路谁相假，知音世所稀”这一冷酷的现实，自知功名无望，才下定决心再回襄阳隐居。这一联正是第四联的依据。
“只应守寂寞，还掩故园扉”，表明了归隐的坚决。“只应”二字，是耐人寻味的，它表明了在作者看来归隐是唯一应该走的道路。也就是说，赴都应举是人生道路上的一场误会，所以决然地“还掩故园扉”了。
综观全诗，既没有优美的画面，又没有华丽辞藻，语句平淡，平淡得近乎口语。对偶也不求工整，却极其自然，毫无斧凿痕迹。然而却把落第后的心境，表现得颇为深刻。言浅意深，颇有余味，耐人咀嚼。
这首诗是作者科举落第离开长安时赠别友人王维的作品。首联直接说出“自归”，颔联则写题意“惜别”，颈联说明“自归”之故——乃是知音既少，当道不用，此时不走，更待何时。尾联叙写决心隐居不仕，归隐田园。诗以失意后的牢骚贯穿全诗。语言平淡朴实，近于口语，不讲究对偶，顺其自然。
在京求仕不成，诗中便充溢着对“当路谁相假”的愤懑，并用“独寻芳草去”自我解嘲。
综观全诗，既没有优美的画面，又没有华丽辞藻，语句平淡，平淡得近乎口语。对偶也不求工整，却极其自然，毫无斧凿痕迹。然而却把落第后的心境，表现得颇为深刻。言浅意深，颇有余味，耐人咀嚼。
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杜牧《
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赠别》
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杜牧《
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赠别二首》
孟浩然简介
唐代·孟浩然的简介
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孟浩然（689-740），男，汉族，唐代诗人。本名不详（一说名浩），字浩然，襄州襄阳（今湖北襄阳）人，世称“孟襄阳”。浩然，少好节义，喜济人患难，工于诗。年四十游京师，唐玄宗诏咏其诗，至“不才明主弃”之语，玄宗谓：“卿自不求仕，朕未尝弃卿，奈何诬我？”因放还未仕，后隐居鹿门山，著诗二百余首。孟浩然与另一位山水田园诗人王维合称为“王孟”。
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尤侗
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呼女伴，好趁一春闲。红板浪船行缓缓，白藤山轿坐端端。
低扇避人看。
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次韵赵端明万花园
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宋代：
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方岳
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风逗湘帘雪絮飞，池痕雨过麹尘肥。
扬州十里春犹在，细柳营深解铁衣。