和张仆射塞下曲·其三
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唐代]：卢纶
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和张仆射塞下曲·其三译文及注释
译文
夜静月黑雁群飞得很高，单于趁黑夜悄悄地逃窜。
正要带领轻骑兵去追赶，大雪纷飞落满了身上的弓刀。
注释
塞下曲：古时边塞的一种军歌。
月黑：没有月光。
单于（chán yú ）：匈奴的首领。这里指入侵者的最高统帅。
遁：逃走。
将：率领。
轻骑：轻装快速的骑兵。
逐：追赶。
满：沾满。
和张仆射塞下曲·其三创作背景
这首诗写于卢纶的人生和仕途都极为不顺时。朱泚之乱过后，咸宁王浑瑊出镇河中，提拔卢纶为元帅府判官。这是卢纶边塞生活的开始，在军营中，卢纶看到的都是雄浑肃穆的边塞景象，接触到的都是粗犷豪迈的将士，故而创作了这首边塞诗。
参考资料：
1、丁敏翔，白雪，李倩编著．唐诗鉴赏大全集 下：中国华侨出版社，2012.08：350页
和张仆射塞下曲·其三鉴赏
《塞下曲》为汉乐府旧题，属《横吹曲辞》，内容多写边塞征战。原共六首，蘅塘退士选其四首。这是卢纶组诗《塞下曲》中的第三首。卢纶曾任幕府中的元帅判官，对行伍生活有体验，描写此类生活的诗比较充实，风格雄劲。这首诗写将军雪夜准备率兵追敌的壮举，气概豪迈。
诗由写景开始，“月黑雁飞高”并非眼中之景，而是意中之景。雪夜月黑，本不是雁飞的正常时刻；而宿雁惊飞，透露出敌人正在行动。寥寥五字，既交代了时间为冬季，又烘托出了战前的紧张气氛。
“单于夜遁逃”，敌人夜间行动，并非率兵来袭，而是借月色的掩护仓皇逃遁。诗句语气肯定，判断明确，充满了对敌人的蔑视和我军的必胜信念，令读者为之振奋。
后两句写将军准备追敌的场面，气势不凡。“欲将轻骑逐”，将军发现敌军潜逃，要率领轻装骑兵去追击；不仅仅因为轻骑快捷，同时也显示出了一种高度的自信。当勇士们列队准备出发时，一场纷纷扬扬的大雪下了起来，虽然站立不过片刻，刹那间弓刀上却落满了雪花。遮掩了他们武器的寒光。他们就像一支支即将离弦的箭，虽然尚未出发，却满怀着必胜的信心。
最后一句“大雪满弓刀”是严寒景象的描写，突出表达了战斗的艰苦性和将士们奋勇的精神。
本诗虽区区二十个字，却写出了当时的实情：单于在“月黑雁飞高”的情景下率军溃逃，将军在“大雪满弓刀”的奇寒天气情况下准备率军出击。一逃一追把紧张的气氛全部渲染了出来。诗句虽然没有直接写激烈的战斗场面，但留给了读者广阔的想象空间，营造了诗歌意蕴悠长的氛围。
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卢纶《
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和张仆射塞下曲·其四》
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卢纶《
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和张仆射塞下曲·其二》
卢纶简介
唐代·卢纶的简介
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卢纶（约737-约799），字允言，唐代诗人，大历十才子之一，汉族，河中蒲（今山西省永济县）人。天宝末举进士，遇乱不第；代宗朝又应举， 屡试不第。大历六年，宰相元载举荐，授阌乡尉；后由王缙荐为集贤学士，秘书省校书郎，升监察御史。出为陕府户曹、河南密县令。后元载、王缙获罪，遭到牵连。德宗朝复为昭应令，又任河中浑瑊元帅府判官，官至检校户部郎中。有《卢户部诗集》。
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