和张仆射塞下曲·其三
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唐代]:卢纶
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和张仆射塞下曲·其三译文及注释
译文
夜静月黑雁群飞得很高,单于趁黑夜悄悄地逃窜。
正要带领轻骑兵去追赶,大雪纷飞落满了身上的弓刀。
注释
塞下曲:古时边塞的一种军歌。
月黑:没有月光。
单于(chán yú ):匈奴的首领。这里指入侵者的最高统帅。
遁:逃走。
将:率领。
轻骑:轻装快速的骑兵。
逐:追赶。
满:沾满。
和张仆射塞下曲·其三创作背景
这首诗写于卢纶的人生和仕途都极为不顺时。朱泚之乱过后,咸宁王浑瑊出镇河中,提拔卢纶为元帅府判官。这是卢纶边塞生活的开始,在军营中,卢纶看到的都是雄浑肃穆的边塞景象,接触到的都是粗犷豪迈的将士,故而创作了这首边塞诗。
参考资料:
1、丁敏翔,白雪,李倩编著.唐诗鉴赏大全集 下:中国华侨出版社,2012.08:350页
和张仆射塞下曲·其三鉴赏
《塞下曲》为汉乐府旧题,属《横吹曲辞》,内容多写边塞征战。原共六首,蘅塘退士选其四首。这是卢纶组诗《塞下曲》中的第三首。卢纶曾任幕府中的元帅判官,对行伍生活有体验,描写此类生活的诗比较充实,风格雄劲。这首诗写将军雪夜准备率兵追敌的壮举,气概豪迈。
诗由写景开始,“月黑雁飞高”并非眼中之景,而是意中之景。雪夜月黑,本不是雁飞的正常时刻;而宿雁惊飞,透露出敌人正在行动。寥寥五字,既交代了时间为冬季,又烘托出了战前的紧张气氛。
“单于夜遁逃”,敌人夜间行动,并非率兵来袭,而是借月色的掩护仓皇逃遁。诗句语气肯定,判断明确,充满了对敌人的蔑视和我军的必胜信念,令读者为之振奋。
后两句写将军准备追敌的场面,气势不凡。“欲将轻骑逐”,将军发现敌军潜逃,要率领轻装骑兵去追击;不仅仅因为轻骑快捷,同时也显示出了一种高度的自信。当勇士们列队准备出发时,一场纷纷扬扬的大雪下了起来,虽然站立不过片刻,刹那间弓刀上却落满了雪花。遮掩了他们武器的寒光。他们就像一支支即将离弦的箭,虽然尚未出发,却满怀着必胜的信心。
最后一句“大雪满弓刀”是严寒景象的描写,突出表达了战斗的艰苦性和将士们奋勇的精神。
本诗虽区区二十个字,却写出了当时的实情:单于在“月黑雁飞高”的情景下率军溃逃,将军在“大雪满弓刀”的奇寒天气情况下准备率军出击。一逃一追把紧张的气氛全部渲染了出来。诗句虽然没有直接写激烈的战斗场面,但留给了读者广阔的想象空间,营造了诗歌意蕴悠长的氛围。
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卢纶《
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和张仆射塞下曲·其四》
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卢纶《
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和张仆射塞下曲·其二》
卢纶简介
唐代·卢纶的简介
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卢纶(约737-约799),字允言,唐代诗人,大历十才子之一,汉族,河中蒲(今山西省永济县)人。天宝末举进士,遇乱不第;代宗朝又应举, 屡试不第。大历六年,宰相元载举荐,授阌乡尉;后由王缙荐为集贤学士,秘书省校书郎,升监察御史。出为陕府户曹、河南密县令。后元载、王缙获罪,遭到牵连。德宗朝复为昭应令,又任河中浑瑊元帅府判官,官至检校户部郎中。有《卢户部诗集》。
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