苏幕遮·草
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宋代]:梅尧臣
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露堤平,烟墅杳。乱碧萋萋,雨后江天晓。独有庾郎年最少。窣地春袍,嫩色宜相照。
接长亭,迷远道。堪怨王孙,不记归期早。落尽梨花春又了。满地残阳,翠色和烟老。
苏幕遮·草译文及注释
译文
堤坝上的绿草含水带露,远处的房屋在如烟春色的掩映下若隐若现。雨后天色变晴,江水开阔,到处都是萋萋的芳草。离乡宦游的才子年少成名,他穿上及地的青色章服,衣服颜色与嫩绿的草色互相映衬,十分相宜。
芳草把路边一个又一个的长亭连接起来,使得远道凄迷。那萋萋的芳草,仿佛是在埋怨宦游的王孙公子已经忘记了归期。眼看梨花落尽,春天马上又要过去了。日光渐暗,暮霭沉沉,那翠绿的春草也似乎变得苍老了。
注释
苏幕遮:唐教坊曲名,来自西域。后用为词牌名。双调,六十二字,上下片各四仄韵。
墅:田庐、圃墅。杳:幽暗,深远,看不到踪影。
萋萋:形容草生长茂盛。
庾郎年最少:庾郎本指庾信。庾信是南朝梁代文士,使魏被留,被迫仕于北朝。庾信留魏时已经四十二岁,当然不能算“年最少”,但他得名甚早,“年十五,侍梁东宫讲读”(《庾开府集序》)。这里借指一般离乡宦游的才子。
窣(sū)地:拂地,拖地。窣:拂,甩动。窣地春袍:指踏上仕途,穿起拂地的青色章服。宋代六、七品服绿,八、九品服青。刚释褐入仕的年轻官员,一般都是穿青袍。春袍、青袍,实为一物,用这里主要是形容宦游少年的英俊风貌。
嫩色宜相照:指嫩绿的草色与袍色互相辉映,显得十分相宜。
长亭:古路旁亭舍,常用作饯别处。《白孔六帖》卷九有“十里一长亭,五里一短亭”。《一切经音义》有“汉家因秦十里一亭。亭,留也”。
王孙:贵族公子。
落尽梨花春又了:化用李贺《河南府试十二月乐词·三月》诗句:“曲水飘香去不归,梨花落尽成秋苑。”
参考资料:
1、李静 等 .唐诗宋词鉴赏大全集 .北京 :华文出版社 ,2009 :230 .
苏幕遮·草鉴赏
宋沈义父云:“咏物词,最忌说出题字。”(《乐府指迷》)这首咏草词虽不着一“草”字,却用环境、形象、神态的描绘,将春草写得形神俱备。词中,上片以绮丽之笔,突出雨后青草之美;下片以凄迷之调,突出青草有情,却反落入苍凉之境。
上片起首两句写长堤上绿草平整、露光闪烁;远处的别墅如烟绿草掩映下若隐若现。接下来一句总写芳草萋萋。“雨后江天晓”,是用特定的最佳环境来点染春草的精神,通过雨后万物澄澈、江天开阔的明媚物象,活画出浓郁的春意和蓬勃的生机,为下文“少年”的出场作铺垫。“独有庾郎年最少”三句,由物及人,由景入意。“庾郎”本指庾信。庾信是南朝梁代文士,使魏被留,被迫仕于北朝。庾信留魏时已经四十二岁,当然不能算“年最少”,但他得名甚早,“年十五,侍梁东宫讲读”(《庾开府集序》)。这里借指一般离乡宦游的才子。“窣地春袍”,指踏上仕途,穿起拂地的青色章服。宋代六、七品服绿,八、九品服青。刚释褐入仕的年轻官员,一般都是穿青袍。春袍、青袍,实为一物,用这里主要是形容宦游少年的英俊风貌。“嫩色宜相照”,指嫩绿的草色与袍色互相辉映,显得十分相宜。以上,作者描摹出春草的芊绵可爱,用遍地春草映衬出臣游少年的春风得意。
词的下片转而抒写宦游少年春尽思归的情怀。过片二句化用李白《菩萨蛮》词末二句“何处是归程?长亭连短亭”之意。接下来两句,词人流露出对宦海浮沉的厌倦,用自怨自艾的语调表达了强烈的归思。“落尽梨花春又了”,化用李贺《河南府试十二月乐词·三月》诗句:“曲水飘香去不归,梨花落尽成秋苑。”以自然界春色的匆匆归去,暗示自己仕途上的春天正消逝。结拍两句渲染了残春的迟暮景象。
“老”字与上片“嫩”字遥相呼应。于春草的由“嫩”变“老”之中,暗寓伤春之意,而这也正好是词人嗟老、倦游心情的深刻写照。宋吴曾《能改斋漫录》卷十七云:“梅圣俞欧阳公座,有以林逋词‘金谷年年,乱生春色准为主’为美者,圣俞因别为《苏幕遮》一阕云云。欧公击节赏之。”
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谢逸《
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蝶恋花·豆蔻梢头春色浅》
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毛熙震《
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清平乐·春光欲暮》
梅尧臣简介
唐代·梅尧臣的简介
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梅尧臣(1002~1060)字圣俞,世称宛陵先生,北宋著名现实主义诗人。汉族,宣州宣城(今属安徽)人。宣城古称宛陵,世称宛陵先生。初试不第,以荫补河南主簿。50岁后,于皇祐三年(1051)始得宋仁宗召试,赐同进士出身,为太常博士。以欧阳修荐,为国子监直讲,累迁尚书都官员外郎,故世称“梅直讲”、“梅都官”。曾参与编撰《新唐书》,并为《孙子兵法》作注,所注为孙子十家著(或十一家著)之一。有《宛陵先生集》60卷,有《四部丛刊》影明刊本等。词存二首。
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城东即事
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唐代:
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章碣
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闲寻香陌凤城东,时暂开襟向远风。玉笛一声芳草外,
锦鸳双起碧流中。苑边花竹浓如绣,渭北山川淡似空。
回首汉宫烟霭里,天河金阁未央宫。
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金缕曲 磻溪姜太公钓鱼台
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:
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熊东遨
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一路溪声绕。进山来、凉生暑敛,雨迟风悄。未识何人研水墨,画出云山初稿。
更添个、蓑衣渔佬。稳坐石矶三千载,自无言、守到崖松老。