青玉案·绿槐烟柳长亭路
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宋代]:惠洪
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绿槐烟柳长亭路。恨取次、分离去。日永如年愁难度。高城回首,暮云遮尽,目断人何处。
解鞍旅舍天将暮。暗忆丁宁千万句。一寸柔肠情几许。薄衾孤枕,梦回人静,侵晓潇潇雨。
青玉案·绿槐烟柳长亭路译文及注释
译文
长亭路上,槐树碧绿,柳色如烟,恨(我)走得匆促, (漫长的道路提示我)我们已经分别。绵绵的愁思让人觉得一日长得好像一年,不知道该如何度过。回首遥望高高的城垣,已经被暮云遮断,视线的尽头是何处呢?
天色将暮的时候,解下马鞍,投宿在旅舍,暗暗忆起爱人临别前的千万句细语叮咛 。 一寸柔肠中蕴藏着多少深情?如今只有薄被孤枕与我相伴,午夜梦回醒来正是夜深人静,拂晓之时,窗外春雨潇潇。
注释
青玉案:词牌名。这首词步贺铸《横塘路(青玉案)》韵作。
长亭:古代道上十里一长亭,五里一短亭,供行人休息和送别用。
取次:草草,仓促,随便。
永:长。
目断:犹望断,一直望到看不见。
人:心上人。
一寸柔肠:是行者想到心上人。
衾(qīn):被子。
侵晓:天渐明。
参考资料:
1、(清)朱孝臧编选;思履主编.宋词三百首图解详析 超值全彩珍藏版:北京联合出版公司,2014年:第260页
2、陈长喜主编.中国历代词曲赏读 (上册:天津古籍出版社,2007年09月第1版:第312页
青玉案·绿槐烟柳长亭路创作背景
惠洪青年时曾为县小吏,因庭坚喜其聪慧,教他读书,后来才成为海内名僧。庭坚流放过湘江时,惠洪曾入舟陪送,时达一月,足见交情深笃。为了与庭坚兄弟唱和,也依贺韵写了一首《青玉案》。
参考资料:
1、陈绪万,李德身,骆守中主编.唐宋元小令鉴赏辞典:世界图书出版西安公司,2007年:第291-296页
青玉案·绿槐烟柳长亭路鉴赏
上片主要写行者与居者离别时的情景。在槐、柳夹道的长亭路上,可恨就这样地草草分别了。离别已堪恨,“此别匆匆”就更添人恨。这个“恨”字乃一篇主旨。别后定是“日永如年愁难度”。而当此乍别之际,“高城回首,暮云遮尽,目断人何处”,尤人情所不能堪。这三句化用唐人欧阳詹“高城已不见,况复城中人”(《初发太原途中寄太原所思》)诗意,“目断人何处”一句,明点心事,更觉感情深挚。
下片转入行者对居者的思念,又主要是从行者的角度来写居者。首句写行者在日色将暮时歇马解鞍,寓居旅舍。客馆寒窗,孤寂中又追忆起GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人临别时千万句叮咛嘱咐的话语。“千万句”,极言离别时对方叮咛话之多,真可谓“语已多,情未了”,句句包含着无限深情。“一寸柔肠情几许?”柔肠多指女性的缠绵情意,如李清照《点绛唇·闺思》云:“柔肠一寸愁千缕”。“情几许?”语气是反诘,语意却十分肯定。情多少?情无限!结尾“薄衾”三句,如果理解为是行者在旅舍中独宿孤枕,彻夜难眠,也不是讲不通;但这样一来,词意就直露平淡。惠洪是很会写言情词的,宋人许颉《彦周诗话》曾称其“善作小词,情思婉约,似(秦)少游,至如仲殊、参寥,虽名世,皆不能及”。所以把末三句理解为行者在旅舍中思念远方女子,想象她此时也一样在相思的煎熬中思念着我。这样讲,意趣就大不相同了。自从自己走了以后,她一个人独守空闺,薄衾半温,孤枕难眠。春宵峭寒,又是薄衾,难以抵御自然界的寒气;又是独宿绣帏,内心更充满了寒意。无人相伴,好梦醒来,再也睡不着了。夜深人静,听着窗外潇潇雨声,“彻晓潇潇雨”,表明女子在撩乱人心的风雨声中,一直到天亮也没有再睡着。这样,词从对面写来,不但文势曲折深婉,而且表达的感情也倍深一层。
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彭孙遹《
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生查子·旅夜》
惠洪简介
唐代·惠洪的简介
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惠洪(1070-1128),一名德洪,字觉范,自号寂音尊者。俗姓喻(一作姓彭)。宜丰县桥西乡潜头竹山里人。宋代著名诗僧。自幼家贫,14岁父母双亡,入寺为沙弥,19岁入京师,于天王寺剃度为僧。当时领度牒较难,乃冒用惠洪度牒,遂以洪惠为己名。后南归庐山,依归宗寺真静禅师,又随之迁靖安宝峰寺。惠洪一生多遭不幸,因冒用惠洪名和结交党人,两度入狱。曾被发配海南岛,直到政和三年(1113)才获释回籍。建炎二年(1128)去世。
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