浣溪沙·一向年光有限身
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宋代]:晏殊
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一向年光有限身,等闲离别易销魂,酒筵歌席莫辞频。
满目山河空念远,落花风雨更伤春,不如怜取眼前人。
浣溪沙·一向年光有限身译文及注释
译文
片刻的时光,有限的生命,宛若江水东流,一去不返,深感悲伤。于是,频繁的聚会,借酒消愁,对酒当歌,及时行乐,聊慰此有限之身。
若是登临之际,放眼辽阔河山,突然怀思远别的亲友;就算是独处家中,看到风雨吹落了繁花,更令人感伤春光易逝。不如在酒宴上,好好爱怜眼前的人。
英译
What can a short-lived man do with the fleeting year and soul-consuming separations from his dear? Refuse not banquet when fair singing girls appear!
With hills and rills in sight, I miss the far-off in vain. How can I bear the fallen blooms in wind and rain! Why not enjoy the fleeting pleasure now again?
注释
一向:一晌,片刻,一会儿。年光:时光。有限身:有限的生命。
等闲:平常,随便,无端。
销魂:极度悲伤,极度快乐。
莫辞频:频,频繁。不要因为次数多而推辞。
怜取眼前人:元稹《会真记》载崔莺莺诗:“还将旧来意,怜取眼前人。”怜:珍惜,怜爱。取:语助词。
参考资料:
1、《线装经典》编委会.宋词鉴赏辞典:云南教育出版社,2010:37
2、《中华必读经典》编委会.中华最美古诗词:中国纺织出版社 ,2012:197-198
浣溪沙·一向年光有限身鉴赏
该词是宴会上即兴之作。下片首两句虽然仍是念远伤春,但气度较大,从放眼河山到风雨惜别,引出眼前人,并与上片别宴离歌前后呼应。
词中所写的并非一时所感,也非一事,而是反映了作者人生观的一个侧面:悲年光之有限,感世事之无常;慨叹空间和时间的距离难以逾越,慨叹对已逝美好事物的追寻总是徒劳,在山河风雨中寄寓着对人生哲理的探索。词人幡然感悟,认识到要立足现实,牢牢地抓住眼前的一切。
“一向年光有限身。”,劈空而来,语甚警炼。惜春光之易逝,感盛年之不再,有撼人心魄的效果。紧接“等闲”句,加厚一笔。词中所写的,不是生离,更不是死别,而只不过是寻常的离别而已。“等闲”二字,殊不等闲,具见词人之深于情。在短暂的人生中,别离是不只一次会遇到的,而每一回离别,都占去有限年光的一部分,词人唯有强自宽解:“酒筵歌席莫辞频”。痛苦是无益的,不如对酒当歌,自遣情怀吧。这句写及时行乐,聊慰此有限之身。
上片起调不做任何铺垫,直言年华有限,稍纵即逝,以精炼的语言表达富有深度的哲理,让人不觉为之一振。紧接着,词人将离别看成是平常事,可见人的一生离别之多,因而“易销魂”,但词人转而又写“酒筵歌席莫辞频”,表达人生短暂,莫为离别伤神,应当及时行乐的思想。
过片二语,气象宏阔,意境莽苍,以健笔写闲情,兼有刚柔之美。两句是设想之辞。若是登临之际,放眼辽阔的河山,徒然地怀思远别的亲友;就算是独处家中,看到风雨摧落了繁花,更令人感伤春光易逝。语本李峤《汾阴行》:“山川满目泪沾衣,富贵荣华能几时?”作者不欲刻意去伤春伤别,故要想办法从痛苦中解脱出来。
“不如怜取眼前人。”意谓去参加酒筵歌席,好好爱怜眼前的歌女。作为富贵宰相的晏殊,他不会让痛苦的怀思去折磨自己,也不会沉湎于歌酒之中而不能自拔,他要“怜取眼前人”,也只是为了眼前的欢娱而已,这是作者对待生活的一贯态度。
下片抒情。起首两句为空想之辞:到了登临之时,放眼望去尽是大好河山,不禁徒然思念起远方的友人;等到风雨吹落繁华之际,才发现春天易逝,不禁更生伤春愁情。这两句词意境开阔、辽远,表现出词人对时空不可逾越,消逝的事物不可复得的感慨。结句中,词人以“不如”一词转折,再次表达了自己及时享乐的思想:与其徒劳地思念远方的亲友,因风雨摇落的花朵而伤怀,不如实际一些,珍惜眼前朋友的情谊。这也是词人对待生活的一种态度。
这首词又是《珠玉词》中的别调。大晏的词作,用语明净,下字修洁,表现出闲雅蕴藉的风格;而在本词中,作者却一变故常,取景甚大,笔力极重,格调遒上。抒写伤春念远的情怀,深刻沉着,高健明快,而又能保持一种温婉的气象,使词意不显得凄厉哀伤。
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贺铸《
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鹧鸪天·重过阊门万事非》
晏殊简介
唐代·晏殊的简介
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晏殊【yàn shū】(991-1055)字同叔,著名词人、诗人、散文家,北宋抚州府临川城人(今江西进贤县文港镇沙河人,位于香楠峰下,其父为抚州府手力节级),是当时的抚州籍第一个宰相。晏殊与其第七子晏几道(1037-1110),在当时北宋词坛上,被称为“大晏”和“小晏”。
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