诉衷情·当年万里觅封侯
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宋代]：陆游
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当年万里觅封侯，匹马戍梁州。关河梦断何处？尘暗旧貂裘。
胡未灭，鬓先秋，泪空流。此生谁料，心在天山，身老沧洲。
诉衷情·当年万里觅封侯译文及注释
译文
回忆当年鹏程万里为了寻找建功立业的机会，单枪匹马奔赴边境保卫梁州。如今防守边疆要塞的从军生活只能在梦中出现，梦一醒不知身在何处？灰尘已经盖满了旧时出征的貂裘。
胡人还未消灭，鬓边已呈秋霜，感伤的眼泪白白地淌流。这一生谁能预料，原想一心一意抗敌在天山，如今却一辈子老死于沧洲！
注释
诉衷情：词牌名。
万里觅封侯：奔赴万里外的疆场，寻找建功立业的机会。
戍（shù）：守边。梁州：治所在南郑。陆游著作中，称其参加四川宣抚使幕府所在地，常杂用以上地名。
关河：关塞、河流。一说指潼关黄河之所在。此处泛指汉中前线险要的地方。梦断：梦醒。
尘暗旧貂裘：貂皮裘上落满灰尘，颜色为之暗淡。这里借用苏秦典故，说自己不受重用，未能施展抱负。
胡：古泛称西北各族为胡，亦指来自彼方之物。南宋词中多指金人。此处指金入侵者。
鬓：鬓发。秋：秋霜，比喻年老鬓白。
天山：在中国西北部，是汉唐时的边疆。这里代指南宋与金国相持的西北前线。
沧洲：靠近水的地方，古时常用来泛指隐士居住之地。这里是指作者位于镜湖之滨的家乡。
参考资料：
1、陆林编注．宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992：183-184
2、鹤鸣编选．陆游经典作品选．重庆：西南师范大学出版社，1995：177
3、李静 等．唐诗宋词鉴赏大全集．北京：华文出版社，2009：341-342
4、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009：273
诉衷情·当年万里觅封侯创作背景
公元1172年（宋孝宗乾道八年），陆游在西北前线重镇南郑军中任职，度过了八个多月的戎马生活。公元1189年（淳熙十六年）陆游被弹劾罢官后，退隐山阴故居长达十二年。这期间常常在风雪之夜，孤灯之下，回首往事，梦游梁州，写下了一系列爱国诗词。这首《诉衷情》是其中的一篇。
参考资料：
1、李静 等．唐诗宋词鉴赏大全集．北京：华文出版社，2009：341-342
2、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009：273
诉衷情·当年万里觅封侯鉴赏
这首词是陆游晚年的作品。下面是资深教育家、澳大利亚新南威尔士州孔子学院澳方院长、澳洲国立等大学博导史双元先生对此词的赏析。
积贫积弱，日见窘迫的南宋是一个需要英雄的时代，但这又是一个英雄“过剩”的时代。陆游的一生以抗金复国为己任，无奈请缨无路，屡遭贬黜，晚年退居山阴，有志难申。“壮士凄凉闲处老，名花零落雨中看。”历史的秋意，时代的风雨，英雄的本色，艰难的现实，共同酿成了这一首悲壮沉郁的《诉衷情》。
作这首词时，词人已年近七十，身处故地，未忘国忧，烈士暮年，雄心不已，这种高亢的政治热情，永不衰竭的爱国精神形成了词作风骨凛然的崇高美。但壮志不得实现，雄心无人理解，虽然“男儿到死心如铁”，无奈“报国欲死无战场”，这种深沉的压抑感又形成了词作中百折千回的悲剧情调。词作说尽忠愤，回肠荡气。
“当年万里觅封侯，匹马戍梁州”，开头两句，词人再现了往日壮志凌云，奔赴抗敌前线的勃勃英姿。“当年”，指1172年（乾道八年），在那时陆游来到南郑（今陕西汉中），投身到四川宣抚使王炎幕下。在前线，他曾亲自参加过对金兵的遭遇战。“觅封候”用班超投笔从戎、立功异域“以取封侯”的典故，写自己报效祖国，收拾旧河山的壮志。“自许封侯在万里”（《夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑》），一个“觅”字显出词人当年的自许、自负、自信的雄心和坚定执着的追求精神。“万里”与“匹马”形成空间形象上的强烈对比，匹马征万里，“壮岁从戎，曾是气吞残虏”（《谢池春·壮岁从戎》），呈现出一派卓荦不凡之气。“悲歌击筑，凭高酹酒”（《秋波媚·七月十六日晚登高兴亭望长安南山》），“呼鹰古垒，截虎平川”（《汉宫春·初自南郑来成都作》），那豪雄飞纵、激动人心的军旅生活至今历历在目，时时入梦，之所以会这样，是因为强烈的愿望受到太多的压抑，积郁的情感只有在梦里才能得到宣泄。“关河梦断何处，尘暗旧貂裘”，在南郑前线仅半年，陆游就被调离，从此关塞河防，只能时时在梦中达成愿望，而梦醒不知身何处，只有旧时貂裘戎装，而且已是尘封色暗。一个“暗”字将岁月的流逝，人事的消磨，化作灰尘堆积之暗淡画面，心情饱含惆怅。
上片开头以“当年”二字楔入往日豪放军旅生活的回忆，声调高亢，“梦断”一转，形成一个强烈的情感落差，慷慨化为悲凉。至下片则进一步抒写理想与现实的矛盾，跌入更深沉的浩叹，悲凉化为沉郁。
“胡未灭，鬓先秋，泪空流。”这三句步步紧逼，声调短促，说尽平生不得志。放眼西北，神州陆沉，残虏未扫；回首人生，流年暗度，两鬓已苍；沉思往事，雄心虽在，壮志难酬。“未”“先”“空”三字在承接比照中，流露出沉痛的感情，越转越深：人生自古谁不老？但逆胡尚未灭，功业尚未成，岁月已无多，这才迫切感到人“先”老之酸楚。“一事无成霜鬓侵”，一股悲凉渗透心头，人生老大矣。然而，即使天假数年，双鬓再青，也难以实现“攘除奸凶，兴复汉室”的事业。“朱门沉沉按歌舞，厩马肥死弓断弦”，“云外华山千仞，依旧无人问”。所以说，这忧国之泪只是“空”流，一个“空”字既写了内心的失望和痛苦，也写了对君臣尽醉的偏安东南一隅的小朝廷的不满和愤慨。“此生谁料，心在天山，身老沧洲。”最后三句总结一生，反省现实。“天山”代指抗敌前线，“沧洲”指闲居之地，“此生谁料”即“谁料此生”。词人没料到，自己的一生会不断地处在“心”与“身”的矛盾冲突中，他的心神驰于疆场，他的身却僵卧孤村，他看到了“铁马冰河”，但这只是在梦中，他的心灵高高扬起，飞到“天山”，他的身体却沉重地坠落在“沧洲”。“谁料”二字写出了往日的天真与此时的失望，“早岁那知世事艰”，“而今识尽愁滋味”，理想与现实是如此格格不入，无怪乎词人要声声浩叹。“心在天山，身老沧洲”两句作结，先扬后抑，形成一个大转折，词人犹如一心要搏击长空的苍鹰，却被折断羽翮，落到地上，在痛苦中呻吟。
陆游这首词，确实饱含着人生的秋意，但由于词人“身老沧洲”的感叹中包含了更多的历史内容，他的阑干老泪中融汇了对祖国炽热的感情，所以，词的情调体现出幽咽而又不失开阔深沉的特色，比一般仅仅抒写个人苦闷的作品显得更有力量，更为动人。
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唐婉《
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钗头凤·世情薄》
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向子諲《
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秦楼月·芳菲歇》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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元气周九垓，时阖亦时开。波光涵万象，耀彼山之隈。
俯视尘寰袖，高陟空中台。引盼尼山上，千古一颜回。
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贺新郎 为人作
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：
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卢青山
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踯躅初春季。怅情怀、中年渐到，二毛潜起。看取髭髯如古柏，忍对青山妩媚。
更忍向、花前共倚。小女春边一枝玉，颤盈盈、偏近酸眸底。
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洛阳道 二
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南北朝：
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徐陵
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洛阳驰道上。
春日起尘埃。
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重阳侍老人饮
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宋代：
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陈文蔚
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九十慈亲鬓发播，今年菊早去年花。
一尊细说重阳事，似此清欢有几家。
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送宽堂赴南外判宗
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宋代：
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释居简
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教欲明南国，无如小召公。埙篪后先奏，鲁卫古今同。
特操银潢远，清班玉笋空。洛阳潮雪外，脚脚是华风。
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同孔加淳父诸君集时济山斋分赋得主人林馆秋
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明代：
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王懋明
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寂寂扬雄宅，清凉几席虚。
萸香馈来酒，萤死读残书。