采桑子·恨君不似江楼月
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宋代]：吕本中
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采桑子·恨君不似江楼月译文及注释
译文
可恨你不像江边楼上高悬的明月，不管人们南北东西四处漂泊，明月都与人相伴不分离。
可恨你就像江边楼上高悬的明月，刚刚圆满就又缺了，等到明月再圆不知还要等到何时。
注释
采桑子：词牌名。又名“丑奴儿令”、“罗敷艳歌”、“罗敷媚”。
君：这里指词人的妻子。一说此词为妻子思念丈夫。江楼：靠在江边的楼阁。
暂满还亏：指月亮短暂的圆满之后又会有缺失。满，此指月圆；亏，此指月缺。
采桑子·恨君不似江楼月鉴赏
这首词是写别情，上片指出他行踪不定，在南北东西漂泊，在漂泊中经常在月下怀念他的妻子，因此感叹他的妻子不能像月亮那样跟他在一起。下片写他同妻子分离的时候多，难得团圆。这首词的特色，是文人词而富有民歌风味。民歌是真情的自然流露，不用典故，是白描。这首词也是真情的自然流露，也是白描，很亲切。民歌往往采取重复歌唱的形式，这首词也一样。不仅由于《采桑子》这个词调的特点，像“南北东西”，“暂满还亏”两句是重复的；就是上下两片，也有重复而稍加以变化的句子，如“恨君不似江楼月”与“恨君却似江楼月”，只有一字之差，民歌中的复叠也往往是这样的。还有，民歌也往往用比喻，这首词的“江楼月”，正是比喻，这个比喻亲切而贴切。
这个“江楼月”的比喻，在艺术上具有特色。钱钟书先生讲到“喻之二柄”，“喻之多边”。所谓二柄，“同此事物，援为比喻，或以褒，或以贬，或示喜，或示恶，词气迥异”。像李白《志公画赞》：“水中之月，了不可取”，“超妙而不可即也”，犹云“高山仰止，虽不能至，心向往之”，是为“心服之赞词”。黄庭坚《沁园春》：“镜里拈花，水中捉月，觑着无由得近伊”，“是为心痒之恨词”。同样用月作比喻，一个是表示敬仰赞美，一个是表示怨恨，感情不同，称为二柄。“比喻有两柄而复具多边。盖事物一而已，然非止一性一能，遂不限于一功一效。取譬者用心或别，着眼因殊，指同而旨则异；故一事物之象可以孑立应多，守常处变。譬夫月，形圆而体明，圆若明之在月，犹《墨经》言坚若白之在石，‘不相外’而‘相盈’……。镜喻于月，如庾信《咏镜》：‘月生无有桂’，取明之相似，而亦可兼取圆之相似。……王禹偁《龙凤茶》：‘圆似三秋皓月轮’，……仅取圆之相似，不及于明。月亦可喻目，洞瞩明察之意，如苏轼《吊李台卿》，‘看书眼如月’。”（《管锥编·周易正义·归妹》）同用月做比喻，可以比圆，比明亮，比明察，这是比喻的多边。
这首词用“江楼月”作比，在上片里赞美“江楼月”“南北东西，只有相随无别离”，是到处漂泊，永不分离的赞词。下片里写“江楼月”，“暂满还亏，待得团圆是几时”，是难得团圆的恨词。同样用“江楼月”作比，一赞一恨，是在一篇中用同一个比喻而具有二柄。还有，上片的“江楼月”，比“只有相随无别离”，是永不分离；下片的“江楼月”，比“待得团圆是几时”，是难得团圆。命意不同。同用一个比喻，在一首词里，所比不同，构成多边。像这样，同一个比喻，在一首词里，既有二柄，复具多边，这是很难找的。因此，这首词里用的比喻，在修辞学上是非常突出的。这样的比喻，是感情的自然流露，不是有意造作，用得又非常贴切，这是更为难能可贵的。作者经常在月下怀念妻子，所以产生上片的比喻；作者感叹与妻子难得团圆，所以产生下片的比喻。这些是作者独具的感情，所以写得那样真实而独具特色。
此词从江楼月联想到人生的聚散离合。月的阴晴圆缺，却又不分南北东西，而与人相随。词人取喻新巧，正反成理。以“不似”与“却似”隐喻朋友的聚与散，反映出聚暂离长之恨。具有鲜明的民歌色彩。全词明白易晓，流转自如。风格和婉，含蕴无限。曾季狸《艇斋诗话》：本中长短句，浑然天成，不减唐、《花间》之作。《啸翁词评》：居仁直忤柄臣，深居讲道。而小词乃工稳清润至此。
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