菩萨蛮·彩舟载得离愁动
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宋代]：贺铸
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彩舟载得离愁动，无端更借樵风送。波渺夕阳迟，销魂不自持。
良宵谁与共，赖有窗间梦。可奈梦回时，一番新别离！
菩萨蛮·彩舟载得离愁动译文及注释
译文
画船载着离愁驶离了岸边，不料正有顺风送我登程。水波辽远夕阳中天色已晚，暮色中禁不住黯然伤神。
美好的夜晚再与谁共度，幸好还能与爱人小窗同倚在睡梦里。无奈到了梦醒的时候，又是一番新的别离。
注释
菩萨蛮：本唐教坊曲，后用为词牌。亦作《菩萨鬘》，又名《子夜歌》、《重叠金》等。
彩舟：结彩的船，此处指行人乘坐的船。
无端：无缘无故。樵风：树林中吹来的风。后用樵风指顺风。
波渺：水面宽阔，烟波茫茫的样子。 迟：晚。
自持：控制自己。
赖：感情依托。
可奈：怎奈，岂奈之意。
参考资料：
1、王筱云 邓绍基等选注．中国古典文学精华 宋词三百首：大连出版社，1999年：102-103
2、孟昭臣选．.菩萨蛮：东方出版社，2001年：39
3、陈仁泉 杨继昌 邓又琳编注．菩萨蛮一百首：中国工人出版社，1998年：55-56
菩萨蛮·彩舟载得离愁动创作背景
贺铸17岁时离家赴汴京，由于所任皆冷职闲差，抑郁不得志，自称“四年冷笑老东徐”。元符元年(1098年)因母丧去职，不久东归，游历或居住于苏、杭一带。他因尚气使酒，终生不得美官，不得志。诗人一生有很多离愁时刻。
菩萨蛮·彩舟载得离愁动鉴赏
这首词描写离愁别恨。
上片写离愁。“彩舟载得离愁动，无端更借樵风送”二句，想象十分丰富，构思奇特，它突破了向来以山、水、烟、柳等外界景物来愈愁的手法，把难于捉摸、无踪无影的抽象愁情写得好像有了体积、有了重量。这里，“彩舟”指行人乘坐之舟。长亭离宴，南浦分手，一片哀愁。现在，兰舟已缓缓地离开了码头，随着兰舟的渐渐远去，哀愁不但没有减轻，所而愈加凝重。他的心头仍是那样的悲哀，以致觉得这载人的舟上，已经载满了使人、使舟都不堪负担的离愁同行，无法摆脱，无法疾驶。后来李清照《武陵春》中的：“只恐双溪舴艋舟，载不动许多愁”恐怕就是受此词的影响。“无端更借樵风送”紧承上句，船借着顺风飞快地远航而去，那伫立在岸边送行人的倩影，很快就不见了。词人五内俱伤，哀感无端，不由地对天公产生了奇特的怨责：为何偏在这个时候，没来由刮来一阵无情的顺风，把有GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人最后相望的一丝安慰也吹得干干净净呢！这句中，“无端”即无缘无故之意。“樵风”，典出《会稽记》。郑宏年轻时上山砍柴，碰到了一位神人。他向神人请求若耶溪上“旦，南风；暮，北风”，以利于运柴，后果如所愿。故“樵风”即有顺风之意。
“波渺夕阳迟，销魂不自持。”二句变上面的郁结蟠曲为凌空飞舞，由疏转密，情中布景，词人展望前程。天低水阔，烟波茫茫。一抹夕阳的余晖，在沉沉的暮霭中看去是那般的凄凉、毫无生机与情趣。独立在这苍茫的夕阳下的舟中，那孤舟中的离人怎能不有“销魂不自持”的悲叹呢！这两句景中含情，情中有景，真所谓情景相生，互相映衬，相得益彰了。词人“不自持”的不仅因为那“波渺”、那“夕阳迟”暮，而且更有那浓浓的“离情”和那不解人意的“樵风”。因此，“销魂不自持”一句便是上片的总结，由此过渡到下片。
下片是对孤独凄凉处境及其心态的描写。“良宵谁与共，赖有窗间梦”这二句由上片的白日的离愁而转写别夜的落寞惆怅及其凄凉。词人明知这别后无人共度良宵，而又故作设问，进一步凸现了心头的凄凉、处境的寂寞冷清及其对爱情的忠贞不二。词人现在只有独卧窗下，在神思魂萦的梦境中才能和心上人再次相见。这里一个“赖”字，说明词人要把梦中的欢聚作为自己孤独心灵的唯一感情依托。这一问一答，有力地表现了词人别后孤独凄凉落寞的心态。
“可奈梦回时，一番新别离”二句紧承上句而来。词人只有在梦中与GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人相见，但梦毕竟是虚幻的、短暂的。梦中的欢聚，只不过是词人苦思冥想而成的一种超现实的精神现象反映而已。梦中的欢会虽然是热烈的、缠绵温馨的，无奈梦毕竟是要醒的。待到梦醒之后，那番梦中相会的欢乐却又导致了“一番别离”的痛苦！词人越是将梦中的欢会写得热烈缠绵，就越反衬出现实生活的悲凉、痛苦。
这首词上片联想奇特，怨责无端；下片文心跌宕，一波三折，写有GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人分别后思想感情的变化，摇曳多姿，极其细腻传神，这也是贺词的艺术风格之一。
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贺铸(1052～1125) 北宋词人。字方回，号庆湖遗老。汉族，卫州（今河南卫辉）人。宋太祖贺皇后族孙，所娶亦宗室之女。自称远祖本居山阴，是唐贺知章后裔，以知章居庆湖（即镜湖），故自号庆湖遗老。
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南北朝：
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刘令娴
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夕泣已非疏，梦啼太真数。唯当夜枕知，过此无人觉。