逢雪宿芙蓉山主人
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唐代]：刘长卿
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逢雪宿芙蓉山主人译文及注释
译文
暮色苍茫，更觉前行山路遥远。天寒地冻，倍觉投宿人家清贫。
忽然听得柴门狗叫，应是主人风雪夜归。
注释
逢：遇上。
宿：投宿；借宿。
芙蓉山主人：芙蓉山，各地以芙蓉命山名者甚多，这里大约是指湖南桂阳或宁乡的芙蓉山。主人，即指留诗人借宿者。这首诗通过雪夜借宿山村的情形，巧妙地写出山村景象与农家生活。
日暮：傍晚的时候。
苍山远：青山在暮色中影影绰绰显得很远。苍：青色。
白屋：未加修饰的简陋茅草房。一般指贫苦人家。
犬吠：狗叫。
夜归人：夜间回来的人。
参考资料：
1、梁川等．《唐诗三百首鉴赏》：北京理工大学出版社，2008：第134页
逢雪宿芙蓉山主人创作背景
大约在唐代宗大历八年（773）至十二年（777）间的一个秋天，刘长卿受鄂岳观察使吴仲儒的诬陷获罪，因监察御史苗丕明镜高悬，才从轻发落，贬为睦州司马。《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》写的是严冬，应在遭贬之后。
逢雪宿芙蓉山主人鉴赏
诗词大意
这首诗描绘的是一幅风雪夜归图。前两句，写诗人投宿山村时的所见所感。首句中“日暮”点明时间：傍晚。“苍山远”，是诗人风雪途中所见。青山遥远迷蒙，暗示跋涉的艰辛，急于投宿的心情。下句“天寒白屋贫”点明投宿的地点。“天寒白屋贫”：主人家简陋的茅舍，在寒冬中更显得贫穷。“寒”“白”“贫”三字互相映衬，渲染贫寒、清白的气氛，也反映了诗人独特的感受。
后两句写诗人投宿主人家以后的情景。“柴门闻犬吠”，诗人进入茅屋已安顿就寝，忽从卧榻上听到吠声不止。“风雪夜归人”，诗人猜想大概是芙蓉山主人披风戴雪归来了吧。这两句从耳闻的角度落墨，给人展示一个犬吠人归的场面。
这首诗用极其凝炼的诗笔，描画出一幅以旅客暮夜投宿、山家风雪人归为素材的寒山夜宿图。诗是按投宿的顺序写下来的。表达了诗人对劳动人民清贫生活的同情。
反客为主
唐代诗人刘长卿的《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》一诗可谓广为流传，家喻户晓，其中最后一句“风雪夜归人”甚至为剧作家借用为剧名，遂使此诗在当代更为著名。然而对此诗的理解，窃以为问题颇大，通常的讲析很难令人信服。
主要问题是两个，一是标题，前面“逢雪宿芙蓉山”六字似已申足诗题，何以还要加上“主人”两字？于是有人以为此乃衍文，“主人”两字应该删去；二是“柴门闻犬吠，风雪夜归人”一联，诸多赏析者都展开神思，想象为：诗人夜宿于芙蓉山某农户家，夜闻农家主人雪夜归来，犬吠人答，所谓：“这些声音交织成一片，尽管借宿之人不在院内，未曾目睹，但从这一片嘈杂的声音足以构想出一幅风雪人归的画面。”(《唐诗鉴赏辞典》406页)此诗不但运用了“反客为主”——出奇制胜的艺术构思，而且还采用了相辅相成、相得益彰的艺术技巧。由此可见，刘长卿的这首小诗，上联写贬谪中的投宿，重在客观描写，下联写投宿时的感受，重在主观抒发，自然婉转，一气呵成。在表现形式上则相辅相成，相得益彰，音律上也如弹丸圆美流转，自有其美，并不存在所谓脉络的跳跃。诗虽全用赋体，然仍意在言外，启人深思。至此，标题中“主人”两字所特含的暗示意味，也就不言而喻，迎刃而解了，这个芙蓉山“主人”，不是别人，正是诗人之自谓也。
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杜甫《
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日暮》
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毛文锡《
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巫山一段云·雨霁巫山上》
刘长卿简介
唐代·刘长卿的简介
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刘长卿(约726 — 约786)，字文房，汉族，宣城（今属安徽）人，唐代诗人。后迁居洛阳，河间（今属河北）为其郡望。玄宗天宝年间进士。肃宗至德中官监察御史，后为长洲县尉，因事下狱，贬南巴尉。代宗大历中任转运使判官，知淮西、鄂岳转运留后，又被诬再贬睦州司马。德宗建中年间，官终随州刺史，世称刘随州。
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