自咏示客
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
宋代]：陆游
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 114
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 114
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
衰发萧萧老郡丞，洪州又看上元灯。
羞将枉直分寻尺，宁走东西就斗升。
吏进饱谙箝纸尾，客来苦劝摸床棱。
自咏示客译文及注释
译文
我已经白发萧萧了却还是一个郡丞，又一次在隆兴府观看上元节的花灯。
我也不屑和那些无耻之徒争什么长短高低，还不如东奔西走，挣二斗米糊口吃饭。
小吏操办公文时对上司低声下气，有人来苦声劝说，却模棱两可，含糊其事。
我正准备归里赋闲的行装，不信你看，我游走用的藤杖都准备好了。
注释
郡丞：即郡县长官的帮手、杂务之类。丞，各官府长官的佐僚为丞。
洪州：隋朝置郡，南宋升为隆兴府，治所即今南昌市。
上元：节日名，俗以农历正月十五日为上元节，也叫元宵节。
枉（wǎng）直：曲与直，比喻是非、好坏。
寻尺：古八尺为“寻”，“寻尺”犹言“高低”、“长短”。
东西：东边与西边。
斗升：斗与升，喻少量、微薄。
饱谙（ān）：最熟悉。
箝（qián）纸尾：恭恭敬敬地请上司在纸尾署名签字。典出韩愈《蓝田县丞厅壁记》：“吏抱成案诣丞，卷其前，钳以左手，右手摘纸尾，雁鹜行以进，平立睨丞日：‘当署！’丞涉笔占位署，惟谨。”
摸床棱（léng）：谓模棱两可，含糊其事，这实际是作者的牢骚话。《新唐书·苏味道传》：“尝谓人曰：‘决事不欲明白。误则有悔。模棱持两端可也。’”
古涧（jiàn）藤：指藤杖。
参考资料：
1、李中原选编．历代倡廉养操诗选：河南文艺出版社，2006年03月：240
自咏示客创作背景
陆游在“西州落魄九年余”的五十四岁那一年，淳照五年（1178年）宋孝宗亲下诏令，调他回临安，似将重用。但不旋踵又外放福建，一年之后再调江西抚州供职，依然担任管理茶盐公事的七品佐僚。这首诗就是在抚州任内所作，是为抒发壮志难酬的苦闷悲哀，展示愤世嫉俗之情。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心编．陆游诗文鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，2013.03：95-97
自咏示客鉴赏
把自己这些年的生活、情怀写给朋友们看，提笔便有许多辛酸。诗人把这许多辛酸，融铸在“衰发萧萧老郡丞”这个起句里，先给朋友们展示一幅自画像：白发稀疏，老态颓唐，这已是一层辛酸；官位又不过是辅佐州长官的郡丞，而且是“老郡丞”——多年来一直作一些细碎事务，更加上一层辛酸。计自三十四岁初入官场，在宦海中沉沦二十多年，始终未曾独当一面，以展其抗敌救国的壮志雄心。岁月流逝，人生倏忽，自然界的酷暑严冬与政治生涯中的风刀霜剑，交相煎迫，他安得不老。虚捐少壮之年，空销凌云之志，又安得不颓。这个起句，挟半生忧患俱来，把斯人憔悴的形象描绘得逼真，读之便令人泫然。第二句“洪州又看上元灯”是反接，以上元灯火的彻夜通明，反衬此翁的颓唐潦倒，更有酒酣耳热，悲从中来的感慨。于是引出颔联直抒胸臆，诗情步步展开：这十四个字是近年宦海生涯的概括。谗言可畏，三人成虎，世间枉直，一时谁能评断清楚。即以放翁而论，他一生受了多少冤枉，哪一件又曾得到公正的裁判。早在四川，他就有“讥弹更到无香处，常恨人言太深刻”（《海棠》）的感慨；去岁奉诏东归，孝宗有意任为朝官，又被曾觌等人从中梗阻，这些政治上的枉和直，是和非，语言是不能分辨其寻尺高低的。何况，他本来就不屑向他们分辩，甚至以这种分辩为“羞”。显然，他对政治上的翻云覆雨、钩心斗角是十分厌恶的，对那些吠影吠声的群小是不屑一顾的。他宁愿作外郡佐僚，东奔西跑，就升斗之俸以糊口，这样到能避开许多风波。这是陆游郑重的选择，也是无可奈何的选择。诗句中“羞”字、“宁”字，下的很重，感慨遥深。
但是，高飞远引，甘居下僚，这不能使自己的心安适下来。远郡佐僚生涯，带给他的是更大的苦恼：“吏进饱谙钳纸尾，客来苦劝摸床棱。”“钳纸尾”用韩愈《蓝田县丞厅壁记》故事，说明自己现任分管茶盐的佐僚，对主官只能唯唯诺诺，天天在公文上随着主官的意志画押签名，丝毫不能做主；甚至，连属吏也不把他放在眼里。他尝尽了俯仰随人的滋味。“饱谙”二字，浓缩了无限屈辱辛酸。下句“摸床棱”用《新唐书·苏味道传》中事，全句说，好心的朋友来了，总是苦苦劝我遇事模棱两可，假装糊涂不要固执己见。当然，这不失为一种处世自全之道；但，这不是壮夫所为，也不是陆游所愿。
看来，进而分枉直，论是非，诗人不屑；退而走东西，就斗升，更是屈辱难忍，真是“乾坤大如许，无处著此翁”（《醉歌》），他是走投无路了。愈转愈深的诗情，逼得他说出了一句隐忍已久又不得不说的话——“归装渐理君知否，笑指庐山古涧藤。”归隐山林，这是更大的退却，是在他心中酝酿了多年的无可奈何的退却。但是，他真正打算退隐么。要正确理解这句话，还得联系他一生出处行藏来看。他毕生心存社稷，志在天下，到老不忘恢复：“蹈海言犹在，移山志未衰”（《杂感》之三），怎么会真的想到退隐山林。就在早一年，他也写过“向来误有功名念，欲挽天河洗此心”（《夜坐偶书》）的话。显然，这不是认真的后悔，而是愤激的反语，应该从反面读。那么，“笑指庐山”这层归隐山林的意思，自然也只能从反面来理解了。从无可奈何的一再退却中，可以看出作者对颠倒是非、不辨枉直的朝政的愤慨。所谓《自咏示客》者，也就是出示这样一种愤世嫉俗之情。
这首七律写的是一种特殊的人生痛苦，一种壮志难酬的苦恼悲哀，感情十分深沉。诗的抒情契机，全在一个“羞”字，一个“笑”字。这两个字是全诗线索，兴起许多波澜，构成许多转折，包含许多苦恼。在“羞”字里可以看到诗人的尊严，在“笑”字里可以看出诗人的眼泪。从句法上看，颔联属对工整，颈联用事贴切，增加了诗的容量。在章法上，诗意层层退却，诗情却层层推进，愈转愈深，尽曲折回旋之能事，而全诗以衰颓气象起，以苦笑终，更加强了这首诗的感染力。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
纳兰性德《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
菩萨蛮·晶帘一片伤心白》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
梁鸿《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
五噫歌》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
除夕
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
邱云霄
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
浮生荏苒年光尽，旧业凄凉壮志违。醉里自怜伤古调，灯前儿舞试新衣。
千家爆竹城闉莫，一箸柔蔬酒力微。白发总能知岁改，青山依旧对柴扉。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
李成寒林图
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
元代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
黄公望
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
六法从来推顾陆，一生今始见营丘。腕中筋骨元来铁，世上江山尽入眸。
林影有风摧落叶，涧声无雨咽清流。寒驴骚客吟成未，万壑寒云为尔留。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
九效 其五 医国
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
葛立方
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
破纽绝络兮民不支，不了兰藏兮举世无医。病在腠兮废汤熨，未至血脉兮乃施针石。
布指于位兮息至不知，阴阳倒置兮寒凉逆施。内实兮饵之桂附，中乾兮反投消以蠹。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
金刚随机无尽颂·如法受持分第十三
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
释印肃
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
庾岭问南能，踏碓到三更。
谁知憨俗汉，绍祖列传灯。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
取道长河进宫斋戒即目有怀点笔成什 其四
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
弘历
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
必告慈宁晓问安，延缘桂棹溯游澜。黍芃麦秀香风里，缥缈西池直北看。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
以金沙酴醾送公寿
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
黄庭坚
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/qhdzxw.com.cn/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
天遣酴醾玉作花，紫绵揉色染金沙。
凭君著意樽前看，便与春工立等差。