采蘩
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两汉]：佚名
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于以采蘩？于沼于沚。于以用之？公侯之事。
于以采蘩？于涧之中。于以用之？公侯之宫。
被之僮僮，夙夜在公。被之祁祁，薄言还归。
采蘩译文及注释
译文
什么地方采白蘩，沼泽旁边沙洲上。采来白蘩做何用？公侯之家祭祀用。
什么地方采白蘩，采来白蘩溪中洗。采来白蘩做何用？公侯之宫祭祀用。
差来专为采白蘩，没日没夜为公侯。差来采蘩人数多，不要轻言回家去。
注释
⑴于以：问词，往哪儿。一说语助。蘩（fán）：白蒿。生彼泽中，叶似嫩艾，茎或赤或白，根茎可食，古代常用来祭祀。
⑵沼：沼泽。沚（zhǐ）：《说文》：“小渚曰沚。”这里用为水中的小块陆地之意。
⑶事：此指祭祀。
⑷涧：山夹水也。山间流水的小沟。
⑸宫：大的房子；汉代以后才专指皇宫。
⑹被（bì）：同“髲”。首饰，取他人之发编结披戴的发饰，相当于今之假发。一说这里是用为施加之意。《尚书·尧典》：“施加允恭克让，光被四表。”僮（tóng）僮：首饰盛貌，一说高而蓬松，又说光洁不坏貌。一说这里用为未成年的僮仆、奴婢之意。《说文》：“僮，未冠也。”
⑺夙：早。公：公庙。
⑻祁（qí）祁：形容首饰盛，一说舒迟貌。这里用为众多之意。
⑼薄：这里用为减少之意。归：归寝。
参考资料：
1、潘啸龙 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：27-29
采蘩创作背景
关于此诗的背景，古代学者有两种说法：一说为祭祀而作，一说为养蚕而作。现代学者多以为这首诗是一首反映宫女们为祭祀而劳作的诗。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：25-26
采蘩鉴赏
此诗主人公采蘩者的身份，历来有很多说法。《毛诗序》曰：“采蘩，夫人不失职也。夫人可以奉祭祀，则不失职矣。”是以为此乃贵族夫人自咏之辞，说的是尽职“奉祭祀”之事。朱熹《诗集传》则曰：“南国被文王之化，诸侯夫人能尽诚敬以奉祭祀，而其家人叙其事以美之也。”定主人公为“家人”，这是对毛序的一大修正。不过以为那辛勤“采蘩”、“夙夜在公”的还是“诸侯夫人”，于诗意未免仍有隔膜。
诚然，古代贵族夫人也确有主管宗庙祭祀的职责，但并不直接从事采摘、洗煮等劳作。《周礼·春官宗伯》称：“世妇，掌女宫之宿戒，及祭祀，比其具。”贾公彦疏谓“女宫”乃指有罪“从坐”、“没入县官”而供“役使”之女，又称“刑女”。凡宫中祭祀涉及的“濯摡及粢盛之爨”，均由“女宫”担任。而此诗中的主人公，既称“夙夜在公”，又直指其所忙碌的地方为“公侯之宫”，则其口吻显示的身份，自是供“役使”的“女宫”之类无疑。因此，把这首诗定为是一首反映宫女们为祭祀而劳作的诗，更为合理。
诗之开篇，出现的正是这样一些忙于“采蘩”的女GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人。她们往来于池沼、山涧之间，采够了祭祀所需的白蒿，就急急忙忙送去“公侯之宫”。诗中采用的是短促的问答之语：“哪里采的白蒿？”“水洲中、池塘边。”“采来作什么？”“公侯之家祭祀用”答问之简洁，显出采蘩之女劳作之繁忙，似乎只在往来的路途中，对询问者的匆匆一语之答。答过前一问，女GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人的身影早已过去；再追上后一问，那“公侯之事”的应答已传自远处。这便是首章透露的氛圈。再加上第二章的复叠，便愈加显得忙碌无暇，简直可以从中读出穿梭而过的女GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人的匆匆身影，读出那从池沼、山涧飘来，又急促飘往“公侯之宫”的匆匆步履。
第三章是一个跳跃，从繁忙的野外采摘，跳向了忙碌的宗庙供祭。据上引《周礼》“世妇”注疏，在祭祀“前三日”，女GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人便得夜夜“宿”于宫中，以从事洗涤祭器、蒸煮“粢盛”等杂务。由于干的是供祭事务，还得打扮得漂漂亮亮，戴上光洁黑亮的发饰。这样一种“夙夜在公”的劳作，把女GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人折腾得不成样子。诗中妙在不作铺陈，只从她们发饰“僮僮”（光洁）向“祁祁”（松散）的变化上着墨，便入木三分地画下了女GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人劳累操作而无暇自顾的情状。那曳着松散的发辫行走在回家路上的女GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人，此刻带几分庆幸、几分辛酸，似乎已不必再加细辨——“薄言还归”的结句，已化作长长的喟叹之声，对此作了无言的回答。
如此看来，以《采蘩》为诸侯夫人自咏，固属附会；而认其为“家人”赞美夫人之作，亦属穿凿。穿行于诗中的，其实是夙夜劳瘁的女GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人而已：短促的同答，透露着她们为贵族祭祀采蘩的苦辛；发饰的变化，记录着她们“夙夜在公”的悲凉。古代的祭祀排场，原本就为鬼神“降福”贵族而设，卑贱的下人除了付出劳辛，没有幸福可言。
还有一种说法，认为这是一首为封建王公贵族服劳役的山歌，是奴仆们在服劳役休息时闲唱的。山歌中第一、二段是互相问答，问答内容为采蘩的地点和目的。第三段则是奴仆们不满的牢骚怨言，因为王公贵族的祭祀，连小小的僮仆也要服劳役，更不要说是成年男女了。歌中所表现出的不满和无奈，在最后一句里发挥得淋漓尽致。人们夙夜在公侯家，昼夜服役，连想回家的话都不敢说，表现出封建王公贵族的残酷。为封建王公贵族服劳役，这本是召南地区的一种风俗习惯，但是，在以往的服劳役中，没有哪一次像这次一样劳累，所以这次的服劳役便以山歌的形式留传下来了。
此诗为三章叠咏，而其主要特色在于前两章以一问一答出之。末章写采蘩者的仪容，用“僮僮”、“祁祁”，言语虽简，而人物之仪态神情可现。而一问一答的形式，明显地受了原始民歌的影响。
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佚名《
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小星》
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佚名《
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大雅·大明》
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戴胜词
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唐代：
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王建
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戴胜谁与尔为名，木中作窠墙上鸣。声声催我急种谷，
人家向田不归宿。紫冠采采褐羽斑，衔得蜻蜓飞过屋。
可怜白鹭满绿池，不如戴胜知天时。