汾沮洳
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两汉]:佚名
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彼汾沮洳,言采其莫。彼其之子,美无度。美无度,殊异乎公路。
彼汾一方,言采其桑。彼其之子,美如英。美如英,殊异乎公行。
彼汾一曲,言采其藚。彼其之子,美如玉。美如玉,殊异乎公族。
汾沮洳译文及注释
译文
在那汾河湾里低湿的地方,有个小伙子采水面野菜忙。你看那个勤劳的小伙子啊,长得是那样英俊无法衡量。他长得那样英俊无法衡量,和王公家的官儿太不一样!
在那滔滔汾河水的另一方,有个小伙子采撷桑叶正忙。你看那个勤劳的小伙子啊,长得那样英俊如鲜花怒放。他是那样英俊如鲜花怒放,和王公家的官儿太不一样!
在那滔滔汾河拐弯的地方,有个小伙子采撷泽泻正忙。你看那个勤劳的小伙子啊,品行如美玉一般纯洁高尚。他品行如美玉般纯洁高尚,和王公家的官儿太不一样!
注释
汾:汾水,在今山西省中部地区,西南汇入黄河。沮(jù)洳(rù):水边低湿的地方。
言:乃。莫:草名。即酸模,又名羊蹄菜。多年生草本,有酸味。
彼其之子:他那个人。
度:衡量。美无度,极言其美无比。
殊异:优异出众。公路:官名。掌管王公宾祀之车驾的官吏。
桑:桑树叶。
英:华(花)。
公行(háng):官名。掌管王公兵车的官吏。
曲:河道弯曲之处。
藚(xù):药用植物,即泽泻草。多年生沼生草本,具地下球茎,可作蔬菜。
公族:公侯家族的人,指贵族子弟。
参考资料:
1、姜亮夫 等.先秦诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1998:207-209
2、王秀梅 译注.诗经(上):国风.北京:中华书局,2015:209-211
汾沮洳创作背景
关于此诗的背景,《毛诗序》认为因君子勤俭,亲自采莫、采桑,有失体统,故作此诗以刺之。这些说法都是不符合文本语义的。闻一多在《风诗类钞》中首先提出“这是女子思慕男子的诗”,今人多从之。
参考资料:
1、姜亮夫 等.先秦诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1998:207-209
2、王秀梅 译注.诗经(上):国风.北京:中华书局,2015:209-211
汾沮洳鉴赏
《魏风·汾沮洳》全诗共为三章,各以“彼汾沮洳,言采其莫”、“彼汾一方,言采其桑”、“彼汾一曲,言采其藚”起兴。这“沮洳”、“一方”、“一曲”词语的变换,不仅显示这位民间女子劳动内容的不同,还表示空间和时间的变换。也就是说,不论这位痴情女子干什么活儿,也不论是什么时间和什么地点。她总是思念着自己的意中人,足见其一往钟情的程度了。把这位女子思慕GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的痴情之状描摹得栩栩如生。接着又用“彼其之子,美无度”、“彼其之子,美如英”、“彼其之子,美如玉”来赞美男子的仪容。“美无度”是“美极了”,“美得无法形容”之谓。“美如英”,是说男子美得像怒放的鲜花;“美如玉”,是说男子容光焕发,有美玉般的光彩。这些是关于男子美貌的描写。诗的最后。以“美无度,殊异乎公路”、“美如英,殊异乎公行”、“美如玉,殊异乎公族”作结。也就是说,这位女子的意中人,不仅只长相漂亮,而他的身份地位,连那些“公路”、“公行”、“公族”等达官贵人,也望尘莫及的。此诗女主人公不只是对勤劳男子良好形象的赞叹不已,更重要的在于他美得“殊异”乎公路、公行、公族。这个普通的劳动者,和那些高贵的官吏有着本质的区别。全诗结束,见不到女子所思之人的正面描写,但通过这种对比、烘托的艺术手法,却把这位未露面的男子描写得如见其人了。
这首诗在篇章结构上,是《诗经》中常见的叠句重章、反复吟咏的艺术形式。三章字句变化无多,而诗意却层层递进。“美无度”是对所思男子之美的概括描写;“美如英”是对所思男子的仪表之赞美;“美如玉”是对所思男子人品的赞美。而又以“公路”、“公行”、“公族”加以具体映衬,这就更加凸现了“彼其之子”的美的形象。
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佚名《
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国风·邶风·凯风》
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佚名《
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大雅·文王》
佚名简介
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宋代:
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明代:
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宋代:
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祖宗德泽被生民,列服山川各效神。
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明代:
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张元凯
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碧山吟社流馨亭落成时中秋后一日
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明代:
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谈悌
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税憩适时暇,胜在城西隅。紫氛霭佛刹,绿柚含华濡。
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