甘州遍·秋风紧
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唐代]：毛文锡
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秋风紧，平碛雁行低，阵云齐。萧萧飒飒，边声四起，愁闻戍角与征鼙。
青冢北，黑山西。沙飞聚散无定，往往路人迷。铁衣冷，战马血沾蹄，破蕃奚。凤皇诏下，步步蹑丹梯。
甘州遍·秋风紧译文及注释
译文
秋风正紧，沙漠中大雁正向南飞，在天地相接处感觉大雁飞的很低，战阵延绵如云，整齐排列。大漠中各种声音响起，边境的战争的声音四处响起，愁苦中听到了戍边的号角和征战的鼓声。
青冢北面，黑山西面。飞沙时起时落，常常让行人迷路。战士们穿着冰冷的铠甲，战马的蹄子上沾染着被杀敌人的鲜血，攻破蕃奚。皇帝下诏，士兵踏着丹梯准备受赏。
注释
碛（qí）砌：原指浅水中的沙石。左思《吴都赋》：“玩其碛砾而不窥玉渊者，未知骊龙之所蟠也。”引申为沙漠，杜甫《送人从军》诗：“今君度沙碛，累月断人烟。”“平碛”则是一望无际的沙漠。
阵云齐：云层低压。齐：平，与天际相齐，低压之义。
边声：边防线上的声响，即指角、鼓、马嘶、风吼之类的声音。
角：画角，军号之类的乐器。鼙（pí皮）：古代军中的小鼓，又称“骑鼓”。白居易《长恨歌》：“渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破《霓裳羽衣曲》。”
青冢（zhǒng肿）：汉代王昭君之墓。在今内蒙古呼和浩特市南二十余里。昭君死，葬黑河南岸。今冢高三十余米，有土阶可登。据传说，塞草皆白，惟此冢独青。或曰，朝暮有愁云怨雾复冢上。近人张相文《寒北纪游》说：“塞外多白沙，空气映之，凡山林村阜，无不黛色横空，若泼浓墨。昭君墓烟霭蒙笼，远见数十里外，故曰青冢。”可见墓有青草愁云之说，实力附会。杜甫《咏怀古迹》诗：“一去紫台连朔漠，独留青冢向黄昏。”
黑山：今内蒙古自治区和林格尔以北，又名杀虎山。
铁衣：征戍将士所穿铠甲，用来掩护身体，防备兵器所伤，多用金属片或皮革制成。岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》：“将军角弓不得控，都护铁衣冷难著。”
蕃奚（xī西，旧读xí习）：多指西北方少数民族。奚：古代少数民族之一，匈奴别种，南北朝称“库莫奚”，分布在西拉木伦河流域，从事游牧。杜甫《悲青坂》诗：“黄头奚儿日向西，数骑弯弓敢弛突。”《旧唐书·北狄列传》：“其国胜兵三万余人，分为五部，好射猎，逐水草，无常居。”
凤皇诏：天子的文告。凤皇，即“凤凰”。古代皇帝的诏书要由中书省发，中书省在禁苑中凤凰池处，故称“凤凰诏”，又称“凤诏”。李商隐《梦令狐学士》诗：“右银台路雪三尺，凤诏裁成当直归。”
蹑丹梯：踏着朝廷前的阶梯而进。指立边功后受诏回朝朝拜君王。蹑（niè聂）：踩踏。丹梯：又称“丹墀”，古代宫殿前石阶以红色涂饰，故称“丹梯”。张衡《西京赋》：“青琐丹墀。”又谢朓《敬亭山》诗：“要欲追奇趣，即此陵丹梯。”
参考资料：
1、张石东，王春香编注．豪放词 图文本 注释 翻译 评析：甘肃民族出版社 ， 2000：第65页
甘州遍·秋风紧创作背景
公元922年，契丹主耶律阿保机率兵南下，进攻定州，李存勖打破之，驱契丹出境。公元923年李存勖建立后唐，公元925年灭前蜀。毛文锡随蜀主降后唐。这首词当为歌颂李存勖破契丹兵而作。
参考资料：
1、周汝昌 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞（唐·五代·北宋卷）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988年4月版：第230-231页
甘州遍·秋风紧鉴赏
词上片一开始便点明时间、地点和事件：“秋风紧，平碛雁行低，阵云齐。”平碛雁行低”的“低”字，并非写雁飞得低，而是因为景物单调的沙漠旷远无际，与天相连，使得在无边沙漠与无边云天之间飞过的雁阵，在人们的视觉中产生了一种错觉，仿佛飞得很低似的。前三句中每句的最后一个字“紧”、“低”、“齐”，都提炼得十分准确，使人透过这些如实的描绘，感受到战争气氛的紧张。
“萧萧飒飒，边声四起，愁闻戍角与征鼙。”边声，包括边塞上自然界中的种种声音和人事活动中所发出的声音，如风声、雨声、虫鸣声、马嘶声、人喊声等等。在这充耳的边声中，突出了军营中凄厉的号角声（戍角）和惊心动魄的战鼓声（征鼙）。这使人立刻意识到生与死正鏖战急；这便在凄凉的意绪中，又增加了一种悲壮的气氛。这里对“边声”的描写，是运用了加倍渲染的手法；经过如此层层渲染，自然地逼出了一个“愁”字：“愁闻戍角与征鼙”。“愁”本是看不见、摸不着的一种抽象情感；但通过“平碛”“雁行”“阵云”等目中所见景物之刻划，通过“边声”“戍角”“征鼙”等耳中所闻声音之渲染，却显得具体、饱满而又充实。同时，这无形的万缕愁丝，也将上片中所写的各种景物和气氛，暗中串织在一起，使之成为和谐的、有机相连的浑然一体。
下片承接上片意脉，描写征戍生活的艰辛：“青冢北，黑山西。沙飞聚散无定，往往路人迷。”因为青冢和黑山均地处塞外边陲，而且在塞北是比较突出的景观，所以前人诗歌中常以它们作为北方边地的代称，并非实指，本词亦然。边地茫茫沙海，气候变幻无常，往往突然天昏地暗，狂风怒吼，转眼又风过天晴，骄阳似火。由于边风强弱多变，致使飞沙“聚散无定”。在弥天风沙中行走，最容易迷失方向。这种恶劣而又奇特的自然现象，是中原和江南所没有的，它进一步衬托出了兵士们戍边的艰辛和劳苦。
全词最后写道：“铁衣冷，战马血沾蹄，破蕃奚。凤凰诏下，步步蹑丹梯。”深秋，将士们穿上冰冷的铠甲，冲锋陷阵，挥戈杀敌。随着顽敌纷纷饮刃面毙，不但骑在马上的将士血染征袍，就连纵横驰骋的战马，也血沾飞蹄。蕃奚，这里泛指北方入侵之敌。经过浴血奋战面大破顽敌荣立边功的将士，将受到朝廷的封赏和君主的恩赐。全词结句“步步蹑丹梯”，可以理解为想像荣立边功后，便会受到朝廷封赏；也可理解为有功之臣正迈步丹墀，受到朝廷封赏时的情景。不管哪种解释，都有一种号召、鼓舞的力量。
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戎昱《
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塞下曲》
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纳兰性德《
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于中好·别绪如丝梦不成》
毛文锡简介
唐代·毛文锡的简介
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唐末五代时人，字平珪，高阳（今属河北人），一作南阳（今属河南）人。年十四，登进士第。已而入蜀，从王建，官翰林学士承旨，进文思殿大学士，拜司徒，蜀亡，随王衍降唐。未几，复事孟氏，与欧阳烔等五人以小词为孟昶所赏。《花间集》称毛司徒，著有《前蜀纪事》《茶谱》，词存三十二首，今有王国维辑《毛司徒词》一卷。
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唐代：
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杜牧
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凄凉遗迹洛川东，浮世荣枯万古同。桃李香消金谷在，
绮罗魂断玉楼空。往年人事伤心外，今日风光属梦中。
徒想夜泉流客恨，夜泉流恨恨无穷。
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柳絮
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清代：
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黄毓祺
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堤上东风杨柳斜，半飞柳絮半飞沙。可怜一样风前絮，惟有江南似雪花。
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初八日微雨明日犹有赐意作两绝句 其二
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宋代：
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赵蕃
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不堪积暑滞烦疴，幸甚新凉脱网罗。闻道重阳更逢闰，今年节意属秋多。