都下送辛大之鄂
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唐代]：孟浩然
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南国辛居士，言归旧竹林。未逢调鼎用，徒有济川心。
予亦忘机者，田园在汉阴。因君故乡去，遥寄式微吟。
都下送辛大之鄂鉴赏
前四句叙述辛大，后四句叙述自己。南方的辛居士，要回家乡去了。他空有“济川”之心，而没有发挥“调鼎”之用。信佛教而不出家的称为居士。“济川”，在这里也是求官的比喻。“调鼎”本来是宰相的职责，这里用来比喻做官。这两句诗，写得很堂皇，说穿了，只是说；他想求个一官半职，可是竟没有到手。有人把“济川心”讲做“救世济民的心”，未免抬得太高了。
后半首说自己也是一个“忘机者”，家园也在汉水边上，因为听说你要回家去，所以从远地寄这首诗给你，以表慰问之情。“忘机者”是忘却了一切求名求利、勾心斗角的机心的人。这是高尚的比喻，事实上是指那些在功名道路上的失败者。《诗经·邶风》有一首诗，题名《式微》。有一个黎国的诸侯，失去了政权，寄居在卫国。他的臣子做了这首诗，劝他回去。“式微”的意义是很微贱。亡国之君，流落在外，是微贱之至的人。孟浩然说这首诗是“式微吟”，是鼓励辛大回家乡的意思。这个辛大，想必也是一位落第进士，和孟浩然一样的失意人物。所以这首送别诗，没有惜别之意，而表达了自己的式微之感，从而抒写了自己的乡愁。古典文学中用“式微”一词，相当于现在的“没落”。“式馓吟”就是“没落之歌”。
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岑参《
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送四镇薛侍御东归》
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洪咨夔《
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送监丞家同年守简池三十韵》
孟浩然简介
唐代·孟浩然的简介
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孟浩然（689-740），男，汉族，唐代诗人。本名不详（一说名浩），字浩然，襄州襄阳（今湖北襄阳）人，世称“孟襄阳”。浩然，少好节义，喜济人患难，工于诗。年四十游京师，唐玄宗诏咏其诗，至“不才明主弃”之语，玄宗谓：“卿自不求仕，朕未尝弃卿，奈何诬我？”因放还未仕，后隐居鹿门山，著诗二百余首。孟浩然与另一位山水田园诗人王维合称为“王孟”。
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宋代：
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