十二月过尧民歌·别情
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元代]:王实甫
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十二月过尧民歌·别情译文及注释
译文
自从和你分别后,望不尽远山层叠隐约迷濛,更难忍受清粼粼的江水奔流不回,看见柳絮纷飞绵涛滚滚,对着璀璨桃花痴醉得脸生红晕。闺房里透出香风一阵阵,重门深掩到黄昏,听雨声点点滴滴敲打房门。
怕黄昏到来,黄昏偏偏匆匆来临,不想失魂落魄又叫人怎能不失魂伤心?旧的泪痕还未干透,又添了新的泪痕,断肠人常挂记着断肠人。要知道今年春天,我的身体瘦了多少,看衣带都宽出了三寸。
注释
粼粼(lín):形容水明净清澈。
杨柳:形容柳絮不扬。
对桃花:醺醺,形容醉态很浓。这是暗用崔护的“去年今日此门中,人面桃花相映红”的语意。
内阁:深闺,内室。
重门:庭院深处之门。暮雨:指傍晚所下的雨。纷纷:形容雨之多。
怕黄昏:黄昏,容易引起人们寂寞孤独之感。李清照《声声慢》:“梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏点点滴滴,这次第,怎一个愁字了得。”
销魂:因过度刺激而呈现出来的疾呆之状。江淹《别赋》:“黯然销魂者,唯别而已矣。”
断肠人:悲愁到了极点的人。
香肌瘦:形容为离愁而憔悴、消瘦。柳永《蝶恋花》:“衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴。”
缕带:用丝纺织的衣带。
参考资料:
1、关汉聊.《元曲三百首》:中国华侨出版社,2013年:第94页
2、齐义农.《诗情画意品读元曲》:光明日报出版社,2007年9月1日
十二月过尧民歌·别情创作背景
此诗描写女主人思念夫君时的心绪,具体作年不详。
参考资料:
1、关汉聊.《元曲三百首》:中国华侨出版社,2013年:第94页
十二月过尧民歌·别情鉴赏
全篇按写法可划为两层。前六句为前一层,写了女主人公面对春景睹物思人的心绪。句法对仗工整,每句后两字叠用、以衬托情思之缠绵。远山近水,杨柳桃花,香风暮雨无一不勾起女子的思念。视角由远及近,由外及里的转移,实质上是对每日思念的描述,而主人公那寂寞的心情不言而喻。第二层直接描摹女子的相思情态。前四句在写法上是每句重复两三字,有一唱三叹之妙,说明主人公柔肠寸断的相思之意。而这种日复一日折磨的结果就是玉肌消减、衣带渐宽。末尾摹拟一个局外人的口吻询问,更突出了主人公的纯情坚贞。
在小令《十二月》中,起句中的“自别后”可以说是点明了曲的内容——离别相思之情,为下文定下感情基调。接着作者运用了对仗的手法,展现出一幅凄清零落的景色。山是遥山,水是远水,由远及近,写了杨柳、桃花、内阁、重门。其对仗句中用了“隐隐、粼粼、滚滚、醺醺、阵阵、纷纷‘这些叠音词来修饰”遥山、远水、杨柳、飞棉、醉脸、香风、暮雨“起了两方面的作用。一是“隐”和“粼”,“滚”和“醺”、“阵”和“纷”押韵,使作品音响联结而成和谐的整体增加了作品的音韵之美,读起来琅琅上口;二是加强了寥廊冷落的感觉,加倍地渲染了使人发愁的景色,间接抒发了闺中女子对心上人的思念之情,表达了一种渺茫的希望,可谓情景交融。
而在《尧民歌》中,作者便采用了直接抒情的表达方式,连环与夸张的手法写少妇相思之苦。其中的语言虽不乏典雅的一面,但从总体倾向来看,却是以俗为美。如“怕黄昏忽地又黄昏,不销魂怎地不销魂”,表达的是少妇的闺怨情绪,怕夜晚的寂寞,偏偏夜幕又降临了,竭力想抑制忧伤,又不可能不忧伤。诗人用散文句法,使得意思显豁,明白如话,再加上“忽地”,“怎地”等口语的运用,读起来使人感到一股浓郁的生活气息。少妇等待归人,每天以泪洗脸,“新啼痕压旧啼痕”,实在悲苦。日子就在相思中过去了,瞧,少妇身体又瘦损了,连腰带都宽了三寸。
结句塑造了一怨妇的体态,增强了形象感。在韵律上,是“平平仄仄平,仄仄平平仄”,是对仗中的两句对,使曲子在优美音韵中结束。全曲大量运用叠字、叠词,含情脉脉、如泣如诉,情致哀婉动人,是一首不可多得的佳作。
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顾敻《
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浣溪沙·云淡风高叶乱飞》
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王昭君《
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怨词》
王实甫简介
唐代·王实甫的简介
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王实甫,字德信,元朝杂剧作家,定兴(今定兴县)人。著有杂剧十四种,现存《西厢记》、《丽春堂》、《破窑记》三种。《破窑记》写刘月娥和吕蒙正悲欢离合的故事,有人怀疑不是王实甫的手笔。另有《贩茶船》、《芙蓉亭》二种,各传有曲文一折。
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张淮
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红玉肌容艳有神,九天飞下一仙真。垂头雨后犹倾国,点额风前欲唤人。
龙脑薰成香世界,蝶翎逗落锦埃尘。春光得我方能丽,笑杀凡花号丽春。
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集义斋
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魏晋:
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张载
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小斋新创得新名,大笔标题字势轻。
养勇所期戾孟子,动心那肯诧齐卿。