七哀
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两汉]:曹植
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明月照高楼,流光正徘徊。
上有愁思妇,悲叹有余哀。
借问叹者谁,言是宕子妻。
君行逾十年,孤妾常独栖。
君若清路尘,妾若浊水泥。
浮沉各异势,会合何时谐?
愿为西南风,长逝入君怀。
君怀良不开,贱妾当何依。
七哀译文及注释
译文
明月照在高楼之上,洒下的光芒在楼上游移不定。
楼上有一位哀愁的妇人,正在悲哀的叹息。
请问楼上唉声叹气的是谁?回答说是异地客旅者的妻子。
丈夫离开超过了十年,妾身常常一个人。
夫君像是路上的清尘般飘忽,妾身像是污浊的水中的淤泥。
浮尘和沉泥各自相异,什么时候才能相互汇合相互和谐?
可以的话,我愿意化作西南风,在人间消失而进入夫君的怀抱中!
夫君的胸怀早已不向我开放了,我还有什么可依靠的呢?
注释
七哀:该篇是闺怨诗,也可能借此“讽君”。七哀作为一种乐府新题,起于汉末。
流光:洒下的月光。
余哀:不尽的忧伤。
宕(dàng)子:荡子。指离乡外游,久而不归之人。
逾:超过。
独栖(qī):孤独一个人居住。
清:形容路上尘。浊(zhuó):形容水中泥。“清”、“浊”二者本是一物。
浮:就清了。沉:就浊了。比喻夫妇(或兄弟骨肉)本是一体,如今地位(势)不同了。
逝:往。
君怀:指宕子的心。良:很久,早已。
参考资料:
1、童岭. 释曹植《七哀》诗“愿为西南风,长逝入君怀”句[J]. 古典文学知识,2010,(2):139-146.
2、程千帆.程千帆全集第十卷古诗今选(上).石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:76
七哀创作背景
曹操的逝世,是一代风云的终结,同时也是曹植生命中的转捩点。曹丕继位以后,对这个一度曾是王位准继承者的弟弟十分防备。这首诗歌真正的渊源不可考究,流传的版本亦有不同,出于曹植之手的可能性也很低,可是从这首诗里,还是得以见出曹丕兄弟间相互争斗猜忌确属事实。
七哀鉴赏
诗人自比“宕子妻”,以思妇被遗弃的不幸遭遇来比喻自己在政治上被排挤的境况,以思妇与丈夫的离异来比喻他和身为皇帝的曹丕之间的生疏“甚于路人”、“殊于胡越”。诗人有感于兄弟之间“浮沉异势,不相亲与”,进一步以“清路尘”与“浊水泥”来比喻二人境况悬殊。“愿为西南风,长逝人君怀”,暗吐出思君报国的衷肠;而“君怀良不开,贱妾当何依”,则对曹丕的绝情寡义表示愤慨,流露出无限凄惶之感。全诗处处从思妇的哀怨着笔,句句暗寓诗人的遭际,诗情与寓意浑然无间,意旨含蓄,笔致深婉,确有“情兼雅怨”的特点。
这首诗的起句与结尾都相当精妙。起句既写实景,又渲染出凄清冷寂的气氛,笼罩全诗。月照高楼之时,正是相思最切之际,那徘徊徜徉的月光勾起思妇的缕缕哀思——曹植所创造的“明月”、“高楼”、“思妇”这一组意象,被后代诗人反复运用来表达闺怨。诗歌结尾,思妇的思念就象那缕飘逝的轻风,“君怀良不开”,她到哪里去寻找归宿呢?结尾的这缕轻风与开首的那道月光共同构成了一种幽寂清冷的境界。
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冯延巳《
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曹植简介
唐代·曹植的简介
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曹植(192-232),字子建,沛国谯(今安徽省亳州市)人。三国曹魏著名文学家,建安文学代表人物。魏武帝曹操之子,魏文帝曹丕之弟,生前曾为陈王,去世后谥号“思”,因此又称陈思王。后人因他文学上的造诣而将他与曹操、曹丕合称为“三曹”,南朝宋文学家谢灵运更有“天下才有一石,曹子建独占八斗”的评价。王士祯尝论汉魏以来二千年间诗家堪称“仙才”者,曹植、李白、苏轼三人耳。
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