《苦寒行》翻译及注释
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两汉：曹操
北上太行山，艰哉何巍巍！
译文：北征登上太行山，山高岭峻多艰难！
注释：太行山：绵延于山西、河北、河南三省交界处的大山脉。何：多么。与下文“雪落何霏霏”之“何”意同。巍巍：高耸的样子。
羊肠坂诘屈，车轮为之摧。
译文：羊肠坂路真崎岖，一路颠簸车轮断。
注释：羊肠坂：地名，在壶关（今山西长治县东南）东南，以坂道盘旋弯曲如羊肠而得名。坂：斜坡。诘屈：曲折盘旋。摧：毁坏、折断。
树木何萧瑟，北风声正悲。
译文：风吹树木声萧萧，北风呼啸发悲号。
熊罴对我蹲，虎豹夹路啼。
译文：熊罴当路面对我蹲坐，虎豹夹道发威狂嚎叫。
注释：罴：熊的一种，又叫马熊或人熊。
溪谷少人民，雪落何霏霏！
译文：溪谷荒凉人烟少，大雪纷纷漫天飘。
注释：溪谷：山中低洼有水处。山中居民往往聚居溪谷，此处说“少人民”，言山中人烟稀少。霏霏：雪下得很盛的样子。
延颈长叹息，远行多所怀。
译文：抬头远望长声叹息，长途跋涉思绪如潮。
注释：延颈：伸长脖子（远眺）。怀：怀恋，心事。
我心何怫郁，思欲一东归。
译文：我心郁郁多么愁闷，真想东归返回故乡。
注释：怫郁：愁闷不安。东归：指归故乡谯郡。作者谯（今安徽亳县）人，在太行之东，故云“一东归”。
水深桥梁绝，中路正徘徊。
译文：水深桥断难前进，大军徘徊半路上。
注释：绝：断。中路：中途。
迷惑失故路，薄暮无宿栖。
译文：行军迷路失方向，傍晚还没有住宿的地方。
注释：薄暮：黄昏。
行行日已远，人马同时饥。
译文：走啊走啊日久远，人疲马乏又渴又饥。
担囊行取薪，斧冰持作糜。
译文：担着行囊边走边砍柴，凿冰煮粥充饥肠。
注释：担囊：挑着行李。行取薪：边走边拾柴。斧冰：以斧凿冰取水。糜：稀粥。
悲彼《东山》诗，悠悠使我哀。
译文：想起那篇《东山》诗，深深触动我的哀伤。
注释：悠悠：忧思绵长的样子。
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于谦《
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上太行山》
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曹操《
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苦寒行》
曹操简介
唐代·曹操的简介
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曹操（155年－220年正月庚子），字孟德，一名吉利，小字阿瞒，沛国谯（今安徽亳州）人，汉族。东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、书法家。三国中曹魏政权的缔造者，其子曹丕称帝后，追尊为武皇帝，庙号太祖。曹操精兵法，善诗歌，抒发自己的政治抱负，并反映汉末人民的苦难生活，气魄雄伟，慷慨悲凉；散文亦清峻整洁，开启并繁荣了建安文学，给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富，史称建安风骨，鲁迅评价其为“改造文章的祖师”。同时曹操也擅长书法，尤工章草，唐朝张怀瓘在《书断》中评其为“妙品”。