《书幽芳亭记》翻译及注释
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宋代：黄庭坚
士之才德盖一国，则曰国士；女之色盖一国，则曰国色；兰之香盖一国，则曰国香。自古人知贵兰，不待楚之逐臣而后贵之也。兰甚似乎君子，生于深山薄丛之中，不为无人而不芳；雪霜凌厉而见杀，来岁不改其性也。是所谓“遁世无闷，不见是而无闷”者也。兰虽含香体洁，平居与萧艾不殊。清风过之，其香蔼然，在室满室，在堂满堂，所谓含章以时发者也。
译文： 如果一个士人的才能和品德超过其他的士人，那么就成为国士；如果一个女子的姿色超过其他的美女，那么就称之为国色；如果兰花的香味胜过其它所有的花那么就称之为国香。自古人们就以兰花为贵，并不是等到屈原赞兰花之后，人们才以它为贵的。兰花和君子很相似：生长在深山和贫瘠的丛林里，不因为没有人知道就不发出香味；在遭受雪霜残酷的摧残后，也不改变自己的本性。这就是所说的避世而内心无忧，不被任用而内心无烦闷。兰花虽然含着香味形状美好，但平时与萧支没有什么两样。一阵清风吹来，他的香气芬芳，远近皆知，这就是所说的藏善以待时机施展自己。
注释： 楚之逐臣：及屈原。屈原在离骚里以兰来象征自己美好的品德。薄丛：贫瘠的丛林。不见：不被人知道。含章以时发者：藏善以待时机施展自己。
然兰蕙之才德不同，世罕能别之。予放浪江湖之日久，乃尽知其族。盖兰似君子，蕙似士大夫，大概山林中十蕙而一兰也。《离骚》曰：“予既滋兰之九畹，又树蕙之百亩。”是以知不独今，楚人贱蕙而贵兰久矣。兰蕙丛出，莳以砂石则茂，沃以汤茗则芳，是所同也。至其发花，一干一花而香有余者兰，一干五七花而香不足者蕙。蕙虽不若兰，其视椒则远矣，世论以为国香矣。乃曰“当门不得不锄”，山林之士，所以往而不返者耶！
译文： 然而兰和蕙的才能和品德不相同，世人很少有能分辨出来的。我放任自己长期流浪四方，于是完全知道兰和蕙的区别。大概兰花好似君子，蕙好像士大夫，大概山林中有十棵蕙，才有一棵兰，《离骚》中说：“我已经培植兰花九畹，又种下蕙百亩。”《招魂》说：“爱花的风俗离开蕙，普遍崇尚兰花”因此知道楚人以蕙为贱以兰为贵很久了。兰和蕙到处都能生长，即使栽种在砂石的地方也枝繁叶茂，如果用热茶水浇灌就香气芬芳，这是它们相同的地方，等到它们开花，一只干上就一朵花而香气扑鼻的是兰花，一只干上有五七朵花但是香气不足的就是蕙。虽然蕙比不上兰花，但是与椒相比却远在椒之上，椒居然被当世之人称为“国香”。于是说当权者必须除掉，这就是那些品德高尚的隐士纷纷远离当局而不返回的原因啊！
注释： 贵(贵兰)：以......为贵。芳（不为无人而不芳）：发出芳香。
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左思《
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三都赋》
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扬雄《
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酒箴》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。