《伶官传序》翻译及注释
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宋代：欧阳修
呜呼！盛衰之理，虽曰天命，岂非人事哉！原庄宗之所以得天下，与其所以失之者，可以知之矣。
译文： 唉!国家兴盛与衰亡的命运，虽然说是天命，难道不是由于人事吗？推究庄宗得天下和他失天下的原因，就可以知道了。
注释： 伶官：伶，戏子，或唱戏杂技演员，现代的娱乐人员。伶官：宫庭里供统治者娱乐表演的人物。可见封建朝代不思于民生，不思于进取，奢华淫乐而痛失天下！伶官尚能使天下易主，可见不居安思危之害！理：道理。岂：难道。人事：指政治上的得失。原：推究，推其根本，形容词用作动词。
世言晋王之将终也，以三矢赐庄宗而告之曰：“梁，吾仇也；燕王，吾所立，契丹与吾约为兄弟，而皆背晋以归梁。此三者，吾遗恨也。与尔三矢，尔其无忘乃父之志！”庄宗受而藏之于庙。其后用兵，则遣从事以一少牢告庙，请其矢，盛以锦囊，负而前驱，及凯旋而纳之。
译文： 世人说晋王将死的时候，拿三支箭赐给庄宗，告诉他说：“梁国，是我的仇敌；燕王，是我扶持建立起来的；契丹与我订立盟约，结为兄弟，他们却都背叛晋而归顺梁。这三件事，是我的遗憾；给你三支箭，你一定不要忘记你父亲的愿望。”庄宗接了箭，把它收藏在祖庙里。此后出兵，就派随从官员用猪、羊各一头祭告祖庙，请下那三支箭，用锦囊盛着，背着它走在前面，等到凯旋时再把箭藏入祖庙。
注释： 世言：世人说。以：把。立：即位。其：语气副词，表示期望、命令的语气，一定。乃：你的。庙：太庙，帝王祭祀祖先的宗庙。从事：这里指负责具体事物的官员。少牢：祭品，用一猪一羊。牢，祭祀用的牲畜。锦囊：丝织的袋子。前：在前。负：背负。及：等到。凯：凯歌，打胜仗时所奏的曲子。旋：归，回。
方其系燕父子以组，函梁君臣之首，入于太庙，还矢先王，而告以成功，其意气之盛，可谓壮哉！及仇雠已灭，天下已定，一夫夜呼，乱者四应，仓皇东出，未及见贼而士卒离散，君臣相顾，不知所归，至于誓天断发，泣下沾襟，何其衰也！岂得之难而失之易欤？抑本其成败之迹，而皆自于人欤？《书》曰：“满招损，谦受益。”忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身，自然之理也。
译文： 当庄宗用绳子捆绑着燕王父子，用木匣装着梁君臣的首级，进入太庙，把箭还给先王，向先王禀告成功的时候，他意气骄盛，多么雄壮啊。等到仇敌已经消灭，天下已经平定，一个人在夜间呼喊，作乱的人便四方响应，他仓皇向东出逃，还没有看到叛军，士卒就离散了，君臣相对而视，不知回到哪里去。以至于对天发誓，割下头发，大家的泪水沾湿了衣襟，又是多么衰颓啊。难道是得天下艰难而失天下容易吗？或者说推究他成功与失败的事迹，都是由于人事呢？《尚书》上说：“自满招来损害，谦虚得到好处。”忧虑辛劳可以使国家兴盛，安闲享乐可以使自身灭亡，这是自然的道理。
注释： 方：正在。系：捆绑。组：丝编的绳索，这里泛指绳索。函：匣子，名词用作动词，指用匣子装。仇雠：“雠”与“仇”同义，仇敌。一夫：一个人。仓皇：急急忙忙的样子。及：等到。断发：把发髻割下扔在地上，表示甘愿掉脑袋。抑：还是。本：探求，考察。书：《尚书》，儒家经典著作。兴：使……兴旺。逸豫：安闲快乐。迹：迹象。
故方其盛也，举天下豪杰，莫能与之争；及其衰也，数十伶人困之，而身死国灭，为天下笑。夫祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺，岂独伶人也哉！
译文： 因此，当庄宗强盛的时候，普天下的豪杰，都不能跟他抗争；等到他衰败的时候，几十个伶人围困他，就自己丧命，国家灭亡，被天下人讥笑。人生中的祸患常常是从细微的事情中积淀下来的，人的智慧和勇气常常被自己所溺爱的事物所困，难道只有宠爱伶人才会这样吗？
注释： 举：全，所有的。莫：没有人。忽微：极细小的东西。所溺：沉溺迷恋的人或事物。
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龚自珍《
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病梅馆记》
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左丘明《
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烛之武退秦师》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。